biostudies-literatureNoguchi MMEXT KAKENHIJapan Society for the Promotion of Science55https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12812097biostudies-literatureUnknown263(2)<h4>Main conclusion</h4>In liverworts, phototropin senses the actual temperature rather than temperature differences and switches from cis- to trans-autophosphorylation to trigger the cold-avoidance response of chloroplast movement. Blue-light (BL)-induced chloroplast movement in plant cells is temperature-dependent. At standard growth temperatures, chloroplasts move toward weak BL-irradiated regions (accumulation response), maximizing photoreception, whereas at lower temperatures they move away from the irradiated area (cold-avoidance response), reducing photodamage. This temperature-dependent switch in the chloroplast response is mediated by phototropin (phot), a BL receptor and thermosensor, which contains a kinase domain and undergoes cis- and trans-autophosphorylation in response to BPlantaPhototropin monitors actual temperature, not temperature difference, to regulate temperature-dependent chloroplast movement via cis-trans autophosphorylation mode switching in Marchantia polymorpha.PMC1281209725H0134020H0591024KJ051720H05905Kodama YNoguchi MWakasugi SFukushima TfalsePhototropin monitors actual temperature, not temperature difference, to regulate temperature-dependent chloroplast movement via cis-trans autophosphorylation mode switching in Marchantia polymorpha.<h4>Main conclusion</h4>In liverworts, phototropin senses the actual temperature rather than temperature differences and switches from cis- to trans-autophosphorylation to trigger the cold-avoidance response of chloroplast movement. Blue-light (BL)-induced chloroplast movement in plant cells is temperature-dependent. At standard growth temperatures, chloroplasts move toward weak BL-irradiated regions (accumulation response), maximizing photoreception, whereas at lower temperatures they move away from the irradiated area (cold-avoidance response), reducing photodamage. This temperature-dependent switch in the chloroplast response is mediated by phototropin (phot), a BL receptor and thermosensor, which contains a kinase domain and undergoes cis- and trans-autophosphorylation in response to B2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-06-12T10:19:46.978Z2026-06-12T03:12:03.971ZS-EPMC128120974154671710.1007/s00425-026-04923-1