biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Zhang T<h4>Objectives</h4>The overuse of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in primary healthcare in rural China is a particular challenge and is highly related to antibiotic resistance. Our research team designed a multi-component intervention focusing predominantly on health practitioners to reduce antibiotic prescriptions in rural communities of China. The effects of the intervention were evaluated through a randomised controlled trial. This study was conducted alongside the trial to develop a contextualised understanding of the implementation of the intervention and related influencing factors.<h4>Design</h4>Qualitative process study nested in a randomised controlled trial, including observation and semi-structured interviews.<h4>Setting</h4>Primary healthcare in rural China.<h4>ParBMJ opene108618https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12815065biostudies-literatureImplementing multi-component intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care of rural China: a qualitative process evaluation of the trial.PMC12815065Zhang TCabral CWang DLiu RYardley LChai JLambert HShen XfalseImplementing multi-component intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care of rural China: a qualitative process evaluation of the trial.<h4>Objectives</h4>The overuse of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in primary healthcare in rural China is a particular challenge and is highly related to antibiotic resistance. Our research team designed a multi-component intervention focusing predominantly on health practitioners to reduce antibiotic prescriptions in rural communities of China. The effects of the intervention were evaluated through a randomised controlled trial. This study was conducted alongside the trial to develop a contextualised understanding of the implementation of the intervention and related influencing factors.<h4>Design</h4>Qualitative process study nested in a randomised controlled trial, including observation and semi-structured interviews.<h4>Setting</h4>Primary healthcare in rural China.<h4>Par2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-06-12T05:09:33.014Z2026-06-12T03:08:18.872ZS-EPMC128150654154504610.1136/bmjopen-2025-108618