biostudies-literatureYan DNational Natural Science Foundation of China101488https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12818211biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, however, their use is limited by heterogeneous and unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can progress to life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Reliable biomarkers for predicting and stratifying ICU-level irAEs are urgently needed to improve immunotherapy safety and critical care management. Here, we performed comprehensive mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling to identify plasma biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of irAEs in 65 patients receiving ICI treatment. Our analysis identified 217 differentially abundant proteins and four co-expression modules related to humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular (T cell-mediated) immunity spanning mild to Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCPPlasma Proteome-Driven Liquid Biopsy for Individualized Monitoring and Risk Stratification of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Checkpoint Immunotherapy.PMC12818211U20A2036682472198Zhou MWang CWang DHe XYan DZhu BYu KXu JXing QfalsePlasma Proteome-Driven Liquid Biopsy for Individualized Monitoring and Risk Stratification of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Checkpoint Immunotherapy.Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, however, their use is limited by heterogeneous and unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which can progress to life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Reliable biomarkers for predicting and stratifying ICU-level irAEs are urgently needed to improve immunotherapy safety and critical care management. Here, we performed comprehensive mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling to identify plasma biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of irAEs in 65 patients receiving ICI treatment. Our analysis identified 217 differentially abundant proteins and four co-expression modules related to humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular (T cell-mediated) immunity spanning mild to 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T18:10:27.909Z2026-06-04T03:11:03.515ZS-EPMC128182114139183010.1016/j.mcpro.2025.101488