biostudies-literatureJia HHumanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China253https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12822176biostudies-literatureUnknown26(1)<h4>Background</h4>Exposure to air pollutants and low temperatures significantly impacts respiratory health. However, quantitative evidence on the economic burden attributable to these environmental exposures. This study aims to quantify the impact of air pollutants and temperature on hospitalization costs for influenza and pneumonia in Changchun, a representative cold industrial city in China.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed inpatient data (2017-2020) for influenza and pneumonia from major hospitals, alongside daily meteorological and air pollutant data. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and Distributed Lag Non-linear Models (DLNM) were employed to assess the associations of pollutant concentrations and temperature with hospitalization costs, respectively, while controlling for confounding facBMC public healthEffect of environmental exposure on the economic burden of influenza and pneumonia: case study of a cold industrial city in China.PMC1282217624YJCZH111Miao CJia HXu SSong XZhao YGao SYu XfalseEffect of environmental exposure on the economic burden of influenza and pneumonia: case study of a cold industrial city in China.<h4>Background</h4>Exposure to air pollutants and low temperatures significantly impacts respiratory health. However, quantitative evidence on the economic burden attributable to these environmental exposures. This study aims to quantify the impact of air pollutants and temperature on hospitalization costs for influenza and pneumonia in Changchun, a representative cold industrial city in China.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed inpatient data (2017-2020) for influenza and pneumonia from major hospitals, alongside daily meteorological and air pollutant data. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and Distributed Lag Non-linear Models (DLNM) were employed to assess the associations of pollutant concentrations and temperature with hospitalization costs, respectively, while controlling for confounding fac2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-06T18:04:48.352Z2026-06-04T03:10:32.751ZS-EPMC128221764140295810.1186/s12889-025-25713-6