biostudies-literatureUnknown13Yang S<h4>Objective</h4>This scoping review aims to evaluate the factors influencing the service capacity of primary health care (PHC) institutions and to identify strategies for their development.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a scoping review based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for studies published from January 2014 to December 2024. Eligible research addressing PHC capacity-building interventions across diverse health systems was synthesized thematically.<h4>Results</h4>This scoping review synthesized evidence from 76 publications (2014-2024) addressing PHC competency enhancement, comprising original research articles (63.2%, <i>n</i> = 48) and systematic/scoping reviews (36.8%, <i>n</i> = 28). Key challenges identified includFrontiers in public health1732011https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12829332biostudies-literatureStrengthening primary health care service competency: a scoping review of challenges, influencing factors, and enhancement strategies.PMC12829332Liu YBai CShi LJin HMa LHarris-Roxas BYu DYang SWang JZhao YShen FZhao HfalseStrengthening primary health care service competency: a scoping review of challenges, influencing factors, and enhancement strategies.<h4>Objective</h4>This scoping review aims to evaluate the factors influencing the service capacity of primary health care (PHC) institutions and to identify strategies for their development.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a scoping review based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for studies published from January 2014 to December 2024. Eligible research addressing PHC capacity-building interventions across diverse health systems was synthesized thematically.<h4>Results</h4>This scoping review synthesized evidence from 76 publications (2014-2024) addressing PHC competency enhancement, comprising original research articles (63.2%, <i>n</i> = 48) and systematic/scoping reviews (36.8%, <i>n</i> = 28). Key challenges identified includ2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-21T04:45:59.782Z2026-06-21T03:07:37.08ZS-EPMC128293324158416410.3389/fpubh.2025.1732011