{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["26(1)"],"submitter":["Volker MP"],"pubmed_abstract":["Background
Although the association between smoking and depression is well-established, the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors remain insufficiently understood. We examined the association between smoking and depression, including detailed dose-response and timing-related relationships, using baseline data from a large population-based cohort, the German National Cohort (NAKO).Methods
The analysis comprised 173,890 participants (19-72 years, 50.21% female). Lifetime and current depression were assessed via self-reported physician's diagnosis, the Major Depressive Disorder module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Smoking behavior was assessed using self-reported smoking"],"journal":["BMC public health"],"pagination":["301"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12831396"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["From cigarettes to symptoms: the association between smoking and depression in the German National Cohort (NAKO)."],"pmcid":["PMC12831396"],"pubmed_authors":["Witt SH","Obi N","Volker MP","Schmidt B","Bohmann P","Schwarz E","Zillich L","Klinger-Konig J","Baune BT","Mons U","Klett-Tammen CJ","Nimptsch K","Leitzmann M","Beule AG","Schulze MB","Greiser KH","Streit F","Grabe HJ","Frank J","Riedel-Heller SG","Reinhard I","Pabst A","Harth V","Schipf S","Callies CM","Becher H","Wagner M","Mikolajczyk R","Karch A","Keil T","Foo JC","Meinke-Franze C","Krist L","Berger K","Trenkwalder C","Brenner H","Mata J","Pischon T","Erhardt-Lehmann A"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"From cigarettes to symptoms: the association between smoking and depression in the German National Cohort (NAKO).","description":"Background
Although the association between smoking and depression is well-established, the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors remain insufficiently understood. We examined the association between smoking and depression, including detailed dose-response and timing-related relationships, using baseline data from a large population-based cohort, the German National Cohort (NAKO).Methods
The analysis comprised 173,890 participants (19-72 years, 50.21% female). Lifetime and current depression were assessed via self-reported physician's diagnosis, the Major Depressive Disorder module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Smoking behavior was assessed using self-reported smoking","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Dec","modification":"2026-06-13T05:09:37.632Z","creation":"2026-06-13T03:09:15.44Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12831396","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41413802"],"doi":["10.1186/s12889-025-25959-0"]}}