biostudies-literatureUnknown16Zhang R<h4>Background</h4>Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) and its maintenance phase (MCST) can benefit dementia. We evaluated treatment-effect heterogeneity by euthyroid versus subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism during the 16-week maintenance period following CST.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a prospective single-center cohort embedded in routine CST to MCST. All entrants to 7-week CST were assessed at baseline/8/16/24 weeks. Sixteen-week MCST occurred per usual care. Baseline TSH/FT4/FT3 are classified as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), or hyperthyroidism (SHyper). Co-primary outcomes were 24-week Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Zarit changes. We used doubly robust inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting combined with linear mixed-effects models to test MCST×tFrontiers in neurology1710962https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12832453biostudies-literatureThyroid function status and heterogeneity of efficacy of maintenance cognitive stimulation in late-life dementia: a stratified observational study of subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism.PMC12832453Li XYang JYang LWang SLi FJia BZhou YXu XZhang RYu HYu XZhao XfalseThyroid function status and heterogeneity of efficacy of maintenance cognitive stimulation in late-life dementia: a stratified observational study of subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism.<h4>Background</h4>Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) and its maintenance phase (MCST) can benefit dementia. We evaluated treatment-effect heterogeneity by euthyroid versus subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism during the 16-week maintenance period following CST.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a prospective single-center cohort embedded in routine CST to MCST. All entrants to 7-week CST were assessed at baseline/8/16/24 weeks. Sixteen-week MCST occurred per usual care. Baseline TSH/FT4/FT3 are classified as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), or hyperthyroidism (SHyper). Co-primary outcomes were 24-week Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Zarit changes. We used doubly robust inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting combined with linear mixed-effects models to test MCST×t2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-15T06:25:38.248Z2026-06-15T03:08:56.489ZS-EPMC128324534160296510.3389/fneur.2025.1710962