biostudies-literatureUnknown16Zhang E<h4>Introduction</h4>Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease, but immune-mediated graft dysfunction remains a major barrier to long-term success. Conventional indicators such as serum creatinine and proteinuria are not immune-specific, and kidney biopsy is unsuitable for routine use. Mitochondrial function, a critical regulator of immune activation, may provide novel biomarkers for immune monitoring in transplantation.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, the percentage of peripheral immune cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP-Low%) and mitochondrial mass (MM) were assessed in 30 kidney transplant recipients and 44 healthy controls. Of the 30 transplant recipients, 15 provided paired samples before transplantation and at one month after transpFrontiers in immunology1721097https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12834765biostudies-literatureMonitoring mitochondrial function in peripheral T cells to assess immune status and graft health after kidney transplantation.PMC12834765Cai BYing BYan LZhang ELi YZhou QLi FWan ZMa YfalseMonitoring mitochondrial function in peripheral T cells to assess immune status and graft health after kidney transplantation.<h4>Introduction</h4>Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease, but immune-mediated graft dysfunction remains a major barrier to long-term success. Conventional indicators such as serum creatinine and proteinuria are not immune-specific, and kidney biopsy is unsuitable for routine use. Mitochondrial function, a critical regulator of immune activation, may provide novel biomarkers for immune monitoring in transplantation.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, the percentage of peripheral immune cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP-Low%) and mitochondrial mass (MM) were assessed in 30 kidney transplant recipients and 44 healthy controls. Of the 30 transplant recipients, 15 provided paired samples before transplantation and at one month after transp2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-09T07:21:22.267Z2026-06-09T03:11:28.726ZS-EPMC128347654160779510.3389/fimmu.2025.1721097