biostudies-literatureMurali KPNIA NIH HHSNHLBI NIH HHSNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteBrightFocus FoundationAmerican Academy of Sleep MedicineAlzheimer&apos;s AssociationAlzheimer's AssociationNational Institute on Aginge71144https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12835558biostudies-literatureUnknown22(1)<h4>Background</h4>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Racial-, ethnic-, and sex-specific mechanisms of OSA and AD risk were examined.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed data from 3978 polysomnography patients without cognitive decline aged ≥ 60 including 663 OSA+ patients (284 non-Hispanic White, 207 Black, 172 Hispanic) matched to OSA- cohorts (1:1, n = 663; 1:4, n = 2652) and followed for AD through 2013.<h4>Results</h4>During the 8.5 (standard deviation 1.4) year period, 358 patients developed AD. AD risk was higher for Black (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.24 [1.24-2.71]), Hispanic (aHR 1.73, [1.38-3.51]), White (aHR 1.83, [1.21-3.37]), male (aHR 2.38, [1.31-3.47]), and female (aHR 1.37, [1.14-2.41]) patients. Hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and sleep Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's AssociationRacial, ethnic and sex-specific mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease risk.PMC12835558RF1AG08397524AARF-D-1243696K23AG068534R01HL157954L30AG064670BrightFocus-ADR-22-92475524AARF‐D‐1243696BrightFocus‐ADR‐22‐924755AARG‐D‐21‐848397P30AG066512AASM-231-BS-20R01AG082278AASM‐231‐BS‐20AARG-D-21-848397Ogedegbe OValkanova ERamos ARUmasabor-Bubu OQAyappa IBernard MBrewster GWilliams NBubu OMBriggs ATurner AJohnson DAMbah AKGills JUdeh-Momoh CTOsorio RJean-Louis GMuller CMurali KPOsakwe ZfalseRacial, ethnic and sex-specific mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease risk.<h4>Background</h4>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Racial-, ethnic-, and sex-specific mechanisms of OSA and AD risk were examined.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed data from 3978 polysomnography patients without cognitive decline aged ≥ 60 including 663 OSA+ patients (284 non-Hispanic White, 207 Black, 172 Hispanic) matched to OSA- cohorts (1:1, n = 663; 1:4, n = 2652) and followed for AD through 2013.<h4>Results</h4>During the 8.5 (standard deviation 1.4) year period, 358 patients developed AD. AD risk was higher for Black (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.24 [1.24-2.71]), Hispanic (aHR 1.73, [1.38-3.51]), White (aHR 1.83, [1.21-3.37]), male (aHR 2.38, [1.31-3.47]), and female (aHR 1.37, [1.14-2.41]) patients. Hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and sleep 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-06-14T05:58:29.234Z2026-06-14T03:15:21.298ZS-EPMC128355584158882210.1002/alz.71144