{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Qiu R"],"funding":["National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"],"pagination":["202"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12840385"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["16(2)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> This report presents the case of a 33-year-old female with recurrent miscarriage, investigated for an adrenal cortical adenoma characterized by autonomous secretion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). The findings challenge the established diagnostic paradigm, which predominantly attributes elevated serum 17-OHP to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) or non-classical CAH (NCCAH). <b>Case Presentation:</b> The patient was found to have elevated serum 17-OHP and a 2 cm left adrenal mass. Normal testosterone and precursor levels, along with whole-exome sequencing (WES), argued against a diagnosis of non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC-21OHD). An ACTH stimulation test elicited a mild-to-moderate rise in 17-OHP, while adrenal venous sampling (AVS) confirmed marked lateralization of 17-OHP hypersecretion to the left side. Postoperative normalization of 17-OHP levels further supported the diagnosis of a 17-OHP-secreting tumor. Histopathological analysis identified tumor regions with non-uniformly high expression of CYP17A1 and CYP21A2. Preliminary transcriptomic profiling revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in microRNA-related and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b> This paradigm-shifting case indicates that, in addition to 21OHD, a 17-OHP-hypersecreting adrenal adenoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elevated 17-OHP. The integration of multimodal diagnostic techniques, particularly AVS, is valuable for localizing hormonally active tumors. Preliminary mechanistic insights suggest a potential role for epigenetic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of this tumor type."],"journal":["Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)"],"pubmed_title":["Adrenal Venous Sampling Aids in Distinguishing 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Hypersecreting Adrenal Cortical Adenomas from Non-Classical 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency."],"pmcid":["PMC12840385"],"funding_grant_id":["No. LQ24H070003","No. LHDMY23H070005"],"pubmed_authors":["Qiu R","Zhu W","Yang T","Zheng F","Shang C"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Adrenal Venous Sampling Aids in Distinguishing 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Hypersecreting Adrenal Cortical Adenomas from Non-Classical 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.","description":"<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> This report presents the case of a 33-year-old female with recurrent miscarriage, investigated for an adrenal cortical adenoma characterized by autonomous secretion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). The findings challenge the established diagnostic paradigm, which predominantly attributes elevated serum 17-OHP to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) or non-classical CAH (NCCAH). <b>Case Presentation:</b> The patient was found to have elevated serum 17-OHP and a 2 cm left adrenal mass. Normal testosterone and precursor levels, along with whole-exome sequencing (WES), argued against a diagnosis of non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC-21OHD). An ACTH stimulation test elicited a mild-to-moderate rise in 17-OHP, while adrenal venous sampling (AVS) confirmed marked lateralization of 17-OHP hypersecretion to the left side. Postoperative normalization of 17-OHP levels further supported the diagnosis of a 17-OHP-secreting tumor. Histopathological analysis identified tumor regions with non-uniformly high expression of CYP17A1 and CYP21A2. Preliminary transcriptomic profiling revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in microRNA-related and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b> This paradigm-shifting case indicates that, in addition to 21OHD, a 17-OHP-hypersecreting adrenal adenoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elevated 17-OHP. The integration of multimodal diagnostic techniques, particularly AVS, is valuable for localizing hormonally active tumors. Preliminary mechanistic insights suggest a potential role for epigenetic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of this tumor type.","dates":{"release":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2026 Jan","modification":"2026-06-15T03:19:31.842Z","creation":"2026-06-15T03:11:15.661Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12840385","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41594178"],"doi":["10.3390/diagnostics16020202"]}}