biostudies-literatureDittura LThis work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, throught the contribution given to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste - Italy.10https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12844329biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The use of physical restraints in adult and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) is common yet controversial. While restraints are intended to prevent treatment interference or self-harm, they pose significant physical, psychological, and ethical risks. Nurses in intensive care units play a key role in decisions about restraint application, but there is a global lack of validated tools to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices, particularly in non-English-speaking contexts. Aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of ICU nurses regarding restraint use in adult and pediatric settings. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A multi-method psychometric validation study was conducted acNursing reports (Pavia, Italy)Monitoring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Restraint Use in Adult and Pediatric Intensive Care Units: The Multicenter Development and Validation of the CON-Ti-IT Questionnaire.PMC12844329Not availableGiangreco MDi Meola RZamagni GDobrina RGuidi VBertocchi LSchreiber SBuchini SToso GDittura LVenier ESartorato PBalestreri EfalseMonitoring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Restraint Use in Adult and Pediatric Intensive Care Units: The Multicenter Development and Validation of the CON-Ti-IT Questionnaire.<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The use of physical restraints in adult and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) is common yet controversial. While restraints are intended to prevent treatment interference or self-harm, they pose significant physical, psychological, and ethical risks. Nurses in intensive care units play a key role in decisions about restraint application, but there is a global lack of validated tools to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices, particularly in non-English-speaking contexts. Aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of ICU nurses regarding restraint use in adult and pediatric settings. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A multi-method psychometric validation study was conducted ac2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-09T03:18:17.182Z2026-06-09T03:11:46.449ZS-EPMC128443294159110710.3390/nursrep16010010