biostudies-literatureDarias-Dagfeel YCiguaRisk projectSaniFish projectEuroCiguaII projectUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria3https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12845688biostudies-literatureUnknown18(1)This study investigated the bioaccumulation of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in dusky grouper (<i>Epinephelus marginatus</i>) following dietary exposure to toxic fish flesh. Two feeding groups were established: group A (amberjack (<i>Seriola</i> spp.) and dusky grouper flesh) and group B (moray eel (<i>Muraena</i> spp. and <i>Gymnothorax</i> spp.) flesh). CTX-like toxicity was detected in muscle and liver of group A. Flesh toxicity progressively increased from the first sampling. In contrast, CTX activity was only detected in livers in group B. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of C-CTX1 in both groups, and the 17-OH-C-CTX1 analogue was exclusively observed in group A. Toxicity in the liver peaked at 10 weeks in experimental group A, but it showed a decline by theToxinsC-CTX1 and 17-OH-C-CTX1 Accumulation in Muscle and Liver of Dusky Grouper (<i>Epinephelus marginatus</i>, Lowe 1834): A Unique Experimental Study Under Low-Level Exposure.PMC12845688PID2019-108781RR-C22GP/EFSA/KNOW/2022/03CEI 2022/031/MAC/1/1.1/0087Poquet Blat PMJerez SDarias-Dagfeel YSilva Sergent FFlores CPadilla DRamos-Sosa MJSanchez-Henao ARambla-Alegre MDiogene JReal FfalseC-CTX1 and 17-OH-C-CTX1 Accumulation in Muscle and Liver of Dusky Grouper (<i>Epinephelus marginatus</i>, Lowe 1834): A Unique Experimental Study Under Low-Level Exposure.This study investigated the bioaccumulation of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in dusky grouper (<i>Epinephelus marginatus</i>) following dietary exposure to toxic fish flesh. Two feeding groups were established: group A (amberjack (<i>Seriola</i> spp.) and dusky grouper flesh) and group B (moray eel (<i>Muraena</i> spp. and <i>Gymnothorax</i> spp.) flesh). CTX-like toxicity was detected in muscle and liver of group A. Flesh toxicity progressively increased from the first sampling. In contrast, CTX activity was only detected in livers in group B. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of C-CTX1 in both groups, and the 17-OH-C-CTX1 analogue was exclusively observed in group A. Toxicity in the liver peaked at 10 weeks in experimental group A, but it showed a decline by the2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-14T03:26:24.561Z2026-06-14T03:16:11.18ZS-EPMC128456884159115010.3390/toxins18010003