biostudies-literatureYue YGeneral Program of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNational Key R&D Program of ChinaFundamental Research Program of Hubei ProvinceSelf-Innovation Fund of Huazhong Agricultural UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of China Youth ProgramStart-up Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratorye13169https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12849889biostudies-literatureUnknown13(5)SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase) is a highly conserved histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex in eukaryotes, playing a crucial role in regulating gene transcription during development. The complex consists of two core components: GCN5, the HAT subunit, and ADA2, which primarily functions as an adaptor and enhances the complex HAT activity. Beyond its well-established roles, it is discovered in this work that ADA2 in rice possesses a broadly existing intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that directs the formation of nuclear condensates. Moreover, ADA2 is found to interact with a subunit of ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme that produces acetyl-CoA, leading to the formation of a GCN5-ADA2-ACL (GAA) complex. ADA2 promotes the condensation of both GCN5 and ACL in vivo. Within these conAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)ADA2 Forms Nuclear Condensates with GCN5 and ATP-Citrate Lyase (ACL) to Modulate H3K9 Acetylation at Genes Functioning in Rice Meristems.PMC128498892024AFE0012024YFF10003022023hsqd003325722552662025SKPY0022662025SKPY00732300462Lai XGuo JGuo XZhou SLu TLv SAbdalla HAMLiu BZhou DXZhang RYue YZhao YfalseADA2 Forms Nuclear Condensates with GCN5 and ATP-Citrate Lyase (ACL) to Modulate H3K9 Acetylation at Genes Functioning in Rice Meristems.SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase) is a highly conserved histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex in eukaryotes, playing a crucial role in regulating gene transcription during development. The complex consists of two core components: GCN5, the HAT subunit, and ADA2, which primarily functions as an adaptor and enhances the complex HAT activity. Beyond its well-established roles, it is discovered in this work that ADA2 in rice possesses a broadly existing intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that directs the formation of nuclear condensates. Moreover, ADA2 is found to interact with a subunit of ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme that produces acetyl-CoA, leading to the formation of a GCN5-ADA2-ACL (GAA) complex. ADA2 promotes the condensation of both GCN5 and ACL in vivo. Within these con2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-06-13T05:23:51.519Z2026-06-13T03:08:46.653ZS-EPMC128498894122164310.1002/advs.202513169