{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Rademaker E"],"funding":["Center for Translational Molecular Medicine"],"pagination":["22-30"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12852201"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["52(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Purpose</h4>Heterogeneity of the host response in sepsis hampers development of effective treatments. Several immunobiologically distinct subphenotypes (or endotypes) have been identified using data-driven analyses of single-timepoint biomarker data, but their temporal stability remains uncertain due to dynamic biology and statistical limitations.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed data from 345 sepsis patients across two ICU cohorts. 30 immune biomarkers were measured every 8 h for up to 7 days. Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes upon admission and re-classify patients at later timepoints. Temporal robustness was assessed by (1) inter-class transition rates, and (2) intra-class cohesion (regardless of label) using the Rand Index (RI).<h4>Results</h4>At ICU admission, three immune profiles were identified: profile A (149 patients, 43%) reflected adaptive immune activation (elevated IL-4, IL-5, RANTES, and GM-CSF); profile B (60 patients, 17%) a hyperinflammatory state (high IL-6, IL-8, IL-1Ra, and low protein C); and profile C (136 patients, 39%) broadly attenuated inflammation. By 48 h, the prevalences of A and B declined to 31% and 13%, while C increased to 56%. Inter-class transitions occurred most in patients assigned to A (41% of all 8-hourly transitions), compared to 39% and 22% for B and C. Intra-class cohesion across intervals was poor (median RI 65%, IQR 62-64%), indicating that patients classified together at admission did not remain consistently together.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Sepsis patients were frequently reclassified across immune profiles over short intervals, with approximately one-third of subgroup peers changing at each timepoint. This instability challenges the clinical utility of biomarker-derived endotypes."],"journal":["Intensive care medicine"],"pubmed_title":["Temporal robustness of biomarker-based classification algorithms for sepsis."],"pmcid":["PMC12852201"],"funding_grant_id":["04I-201"],"pubmed_authors":["Bos LDJ","Cremer OL","van der Poll T","van Vught L","Bonten MJM","de Grooth HJ","Derde LPG","Rademaker E","El Bouhaddani S","van Amstel RBE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Temporal robustness of biomarker-based classification algorithms for sepsis.","description":"<h4>Purpose</h4>Heterogeneity of the host response in sepsis hampers development of effective treatments. Several immunobiologically distinct subphenotypes (or endotypes) have been identified using data-driven analyses of single-timepoint biomarker data, but their temporal stability remains uncertain due to dynamic biology and statistical limitations.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed data from 345 sepsis patients across two ICU cohorts. 30 immune biomarkers were measured every 8 h for up to 7 days. Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes upon admission and re-classify patients at later timepoints. Temporal robustness was assessed by (1) inter-class transition rates, and (2) intra-class cohesion (regardless of label) using the Rand Index (RI).<h4>Results</h4>At ICU admission, three immune profiles were identified: profile A (149 patients, 43%) reflected adaptive immune activation (elevated IL-4, IL-5, RANTES, and GM-CSF); profile B (60 patients, 17%) a hyperinflammatory state (high IL-6, IL-8, IL-1Ra, and low protein C); and profile C (136 patients, 39%) broadly attenuated inflammation. By 48 h, the prevalences of A and B declined to 31% and 13%, while C increased to 56%. Inter-class transitions occurred most in patients assigned to A (41% of all 8-hourly transitions), compared to 39% and 22% for B and C. Intra-class cohesion across intervals was poor (median RI 65%, IQR 62-64%), indicating that patients classified together at admission did not remain consistently together.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Sepsis patients were frequently reclassified across immune profiles over short intervals, with approximately one-third of subgroup peers changing at each timepoint. This instability challenges the clinical utility of biomarker-derived endotypes.","dates":{"release":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2026 Jan","modification":"2026-06-16T03:10:22.986Z","creation":"2026-06-16T03:07:01.126Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12852201","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41324692"],"doi":["10.1007/s00134-025-08218-z"]}}