{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["124"],"submitter":["Vogiatzi I"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) and exhausted T cells are dominant in the immuno-suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and pose a challenge to effective cancer immunotherapy in solid tumours.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, we immunised llamas and generated monovalent and biparatopic nanobodies (Nbs) against colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) to re-educate TAMs and overcome T cell exhaustion, respectively, in the TME. To circumvent short systemic half-life and low peak concentrations of Nbs in the TME, we developed a platform of allogenic off-the-shelf stem cells (SC) releasing biparatopic PD-1 and CSF-1R Nbs and tested its efficacy in different mouse models.<h4>Findings</h4>Nbs targeting CSF-1R and PD-1 inhibited "],"journal":["EBioMedicine"],"pagination":["106122"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12853783"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["A nanobody-stem cell platform targeting innate and adaptive immune axis in the tumour microenvironment."],"pmcid":["PMC12853783"],"pubmed_authors":["Kanaya N","Vogiatzi I","Lee UJ","Farid AS","Shah K","Wakimoto H","Moreno-Lama L","Rashidian M","Rossignoli F","Zwaenepoel O","Gettemans J","Liu C","Lehmann A","Kajiwara Y"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"A nanobody-stem cell platform targeting innate and adaptive immune axis in the tumour microenvironment.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) and exhausted T cells are dominant in the immuno-suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and pose a challenge to effective cancer immunotherapy in solid tumours.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, we immunised llamas and generated monovalent and biparatopic nanobodies (Nbs) against colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) to re-educate TAMs and overcome T cell exhaustion, respectively, in the TME. To circumvent short systemic half-life and low peak concentrations of Nbs in the TME, we developed a platform of allogenic off-the-shelf stem cells (SC) releasing biparatopic PD-1 and CSF-1R Nbs and tested its efficacy in different mouse models.<h4>Findings</h4>Nbs targeting CSF-1R and PD-1 inhibited ","dates":{"release":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2026 Jan","modification":"2026-06-10T09:00:18.432Z","creation":"2026-06-10T03:11:23.255Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12853783","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41548537"],"doi":["10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106122"]}}