biostudies-literatureUnknown16Zeng J<h4>Introduction</h4>Glutinous rice significantly influences Baijiu flavor, yet standardized brewing-specific indicators are lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, metagenomic, metaproteomic, and non-targeted GC-MS analyses of <i>Zaopei</i>, along with HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of Baijiu, were used to compare the effects of three glutinous rice varieties with distinct nutritional profiles on microbial diversity and flavor formation.<h4>Results</h4>The <i>Wuliangye</i>-specific variety <i>Dajiugu</i>, with high sucrose, high amino acids, and low fatty acids, promoted early growth and metabolic activity of <i>Saccharomycopsis</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, and <i>Klebsiella</i>. Functional genera such as <i>Saccharopolyspora</i>, <i>Pediococcus</i>, and <i>Clostridium</i> enhanced fatty acid and amiFrontiers in microbiology1721127https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12855538biostudies-literatureMulti-omics reveals glutinous rice varieties shape Baijiu flavor via microbial and metabolic modulation.PMC12855538Zhang WLi XShu FSun PZeng JFang PGong LZhou YHe QDeng HQin SfalseMulti-omics reveals glutinous rice varieties shape Baijiu flavor via microbial and metabolic modulation.<h4>Introduction</h4>Glutinous rice significantly influences Baijiu flavor, yet standardized brewing-specific indicators are lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, metagenomic, metaproteomic, and non-targeted GC-MS analyses of <i>Zaopei</i>, along with HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of Baijiu, were used to compare the effects of three glutinous rice varieties with distinct nutritional profiles on microbial diversity and flavor formation.<h4>Results</h4>The <i>Wuliangye</i>-specific variety <i>Dajiugu</i>, with high sucrose, high amino acids, and low fatty acids, promoted early growth and metabolic activity of <i>Saccharomycopsis</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, and <i>Klebsiella</i>. Functional genera such as <i>Saccharopolyspora</i>, <i>Pediococcus</i>, and <i>Clostridium</i> enhanced fatty acid and ami2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-20T03:19:00.304Z2026-06-20T03:09:39.738ZS-EPMC128555384162363410.3389/fmicb.2025.1721127