biostudies-literatureUnknown20Chang SYNeural regeneration remains a critical goal in regenerative medicine, especially for treating central nervous system injuries such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential through their capacity for differentiation and paracrine signaling; however, their clinical application is limited by low survival and engraftment rates. In this study, we investigated whether the therapeutic efficacy of human MSC (hMSC) spheroids could be enhanced through photobiomodulation (PBM). hMSCs were aggregated into three-dimensional spheroids and divided into four experimental groups: (1) untreated control spheroids, (2) spheroids treated with 660 nm PBM, (3) spheroids treated with 850 nm PBM, and (4) spheroids co-cultured withFrontiers in cellular neuroscience1728579https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12894004biostudies-literaturePhotobiomodulation (PBM) irradiation enhances the therapeutic potential of hMSC spheroids for neural repair.PMC12894004Hong NAhn JCChoi JEChang SYLee MYfalsePhotobiomodulation (PBM) irradiation enhances the therapeutic potential of hMSC spheroids for neural repair.Neural regeneration remains a critical goal in regenerative medicine, especially for treating central nervous system injuries such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential through their capacity for differentiation and paracrine signaling; however, their clinical application is limited by low survival and engraftment rates. In this study, we investigated whether the therapeutic efficacy of human MSC (hMSC) spheroids could be enhanced through photobiomodulation (PBM). hMSCs were aggregated into three-dimensional spheroids and divided into four experimental groups: (1) untreated control spheroids, (2) spheroids treated with 660 nm PBM, (3) spheroids treated with 850 nm PBM, and (4) spheroids co-cultured with2026-01-01T00:00:00Z20262026-07-07T03:14:29.647Z2026-07-07T03:08:47.856ZS-EPMC128940044169665210.3389/fncel.2026.1728579