biostudies-literatureUnknown18(3)Jung J<h4>Background</h4>Second salvage autologous stem cell transplantation (SAT) is a therapeutic option for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who relapse after a first autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the era of novel agents. However, the clinical context in which SAT provides benefit relative to contemporary salvage regimens remains unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients who underwent SAT after novel agent-based induction and first ASCT, and salvage re-induction, and compared outcomes with 113 patients treated with salvage carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) without SAT.<h4>Results</h4>Median interval from first ASCT to relapse was 27 months. In the SAT cohort, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from initiation oCancers471https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12896849biostudies-literatureSecond Salvage Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agents: Results of the KMM2301 Study.PMC12896849Jung SHJung JPark JHEom HSKang HJKorean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP)Kim KMin CKYoo KHByun JMYoon DHLee MWJo JCKim SHCho HYi JHLee JJLee SSYoon SELee WSLee JHDo YRShin HJfalseSecond Salvage Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agents: Results of the KMM2301 Study.<h4>Background</h4>Second salvage autologous stem cell transplantation (SAT) is a therapeutic option for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who relapse after a first autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the era of novel agents. However, the clinical context in which SAT provides benefit relative to contemporary salvage regimens remains unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients who underwent SAT after novel agent-based induction and first ASCT, and salvage re-induction, and compared outcomes with 113 patients treated with salvage carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) without SAT.<h4>Results</h4>Median interval from first ASCT to relapse was 27 months. In the SAT cohort, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from initiation o2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-07-08T03:14:00.26Z2026-07-08T03:08:34.542ZS-EPMC128968494168194310.3390/cancers18030471