biostudies-literatureChen SCNational Science Council, Taiwan349https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12899455biostudies-literatureUnknown18(3)Shrinkage of injection-molded parts is a major challenge for dimensional accuracy, especially for semi-crystalline polymers where crystallization induces pronounced volume change and heat release during cooling. Because packing pressure is effective only before gate or local solidification, multi-stage packing is commonly used to regulate the overall shrinkage behavior. In practice, however, the solidification/transition temperature taken from standard material tests does not necessarily represent the actual in-cavity state behavior under specific cooling rate and pressure history, which compromises the consistency of P-V-T-based shrinkage prediction. In this study, a modified P-V-T-based framework (Tait equation) is developed for polypropylene (PP) by introducing a Thermal Enthalpy TransfPolymersExperimental Study on the Modified P-V-T Model to Improve Shrinkage Prediction for Injection-Molded Semi-Crystalline Polymer.PMC12899455NSTC 114-2224-E-033-001 -Ting YHChen SCLiang YXDing CJfalseExperimental Study on the Modified P-V-T Model to Improve Shrinkage Prediction for Injection-Molded Semi-Crystalline Polymer.Shrinkage of injection-molded parts is a major challenge for dimensional accuracy, especially for semi-crystalline polymers where crystallization induces pronounced volume change and heat release during cooling. Because packing pressure is effective only before gate or local solidification, multi-stage packing is commonly used to regulate the overall shrinkage behavior. In practice, however, the solidification/transition temperature taken from standard material tests does not necessarily represent the actual in-cavity state behavior under specific cooling rate and pressure history, which compromises the consistency of P-V-T-based shrinkage prediction. In this study, a modified P-V-T-based framework (Tait equation) is developed for polypropylene (PP) by introducing a Thermal Enthalpy Transf2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-07-08T03:10:53.324Z2026-07-08T03:08:24.882ZS-EPMC128994554168205710.3390/polym18030349