biostudies-literatureUnknown31(3)Pradhan DThis study investigates a sustainable and efficient approach to valorising barley straw by producing nanocellulose via an integrated subcritical alkaline hydrolysis and HDES-assisted processing pathway. Subcritical alkaline pretreatment under best processing conditions (150 bar, 200 °C, 125 min) enabled effective biomass fractionation, achieving average hemicellulose and lignin solubilisation of 57.72% and 82.69%, respectively. Subsequent purification of the pretreated solid fraction yielded cellulose fibres with an average cellulose yield of 41.97% and a purity of 87.87%. Nanocellulose was then obtained using a sequential HDES treatment followed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS), producing a sample (NC-BTW-3) in which 66% of particles exhibited diameters below 100 nm, 15.2% were betweenMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)451https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12899745biostudies-literatureValorisation of Barley Straw for Sustainable Nanocellulose Production via Subcritical Alkaline Hydrolysis and HDES-Assisted Processing.PMC12899745Jaiswal AKTiwari BKJaiswal SPradhan DfalseValorisation of Barley Straw for Sustainable Nanocellulose Production via Subcritical Alkaline Hydrolysis and HDES-Assisted Processing.This study investigates a sustainable and efficient approach to valorising barley straw by producing nanocellulose via an integrated subcritical alkaline hydrolysis and HDES-assisted processing pathway. Subcritical alkaline pretreatment under best processing conditions (150 bar, 200 °C, 125 min) enabled effective biomass fractionation, achieving average hemicellulose and lignin solubilisation of 57.72% and 82.69%, respectively. Subsequent purification of the pretreated solid fraction yielded cellulose fibres with an average cellulose yield of 41.97% and a purity of 87.87%. Nanocellulose was then obtained using a sequential HDES treatment followed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS), producing a sample (NC-BTW-3) in which 66% of particles exhibited diameters below 100 nm, 15.2% were between2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-07-06T03:15:26.939Z2026-07-06T03:11:38.498ZS-EPMC128997454168342910.3390/molecules31030451