biostudies-literatureQu ROpen Project of Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&DGeneral Project of the Joint Special Project of Local Universities in Yunnan ProvinceOpen Project of Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&De47616https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12908830biostudies-literatureUnknown105(7)The objective was to evaluate potential genetic associations between biliary system disorders and cortical and subcortical brain structural changes using Mendelian randomization analyses. This study focused on 4 diseases, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallstone disease, and total bilirubin levels as indicators of biliary system disorders. Genome-wide association studies summary statistics from the ENIGMA consortium were utilized to assess the directional associations between these biliary system diseases and changes in brain structure, including the cerebral cortex (N = 51,665) and subcortical brain structures (N = 30,717). Inverse variance weighted was the primary method for conducting MR analysis. Furthermore, sensitivity anMedicineA Mendelian randomization study exploring the genetic associations between biliary system disorders and brain structural changes.PMC12908830AG2024002202001BA070001-064, 202101BA070001-102Qu RHan RLi CLiang YZhang YRuan QZhao YfalseA Mendelian randomization study exploring the genetic associations between biliary system disorders and brain structural changes.The objective was to evaluate potential genetic associations between biliary system disorders and cortical and subcortical brain structural changes using Mendelian randomization analyses. This study focused on 4 diseases, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholecystitis, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallstone disease, and total bilirubin levels as indicators of biliary system disorders. Genome-wide association studies summary statistics from the ENIGMA consortium were utilized to assess the directional associations between these biliary system diseases and changes in brain structure, including the cerebral cortex (N = 51,665) and subcortical brain structures (N = 30,717). Inverse variance weighted was the primary method for conducting MR analysis. Furthermore, sensitivity an2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-16T05:01:18.867Z2026-07-09T13:10:25.144ZS-EPMC129088304168663310.1097/MD.0000000000047616