biostudies-literatureDiego JG-BNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacióne0177425https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12911902biostudies-literatureUnknown100(2)Secondary bacterial infections can significantly worsen the clinical course of influenza virus infections and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during seasonal influenza epidemics. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, influenza-related complications from secondary bacterial infections are an important cause of death, particularly among the elderly population. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (Spn) is the most common agent responsible for influenza-related secondary bacterial infections. Influenza virus vaccination serves as an effective prophylactic strategy for preventing influenza and reducing the burden of influenza-associated pathology, including secondary bacterial infection. However, whether the protective effects of influenza virus vaccination differ in the conteJournal of virologyDisease modulation by TIV vaccination during secondary pneumococcal infections in influenza-infected mice.PMC12911902PID2019-105761RB-100, PID2023-150116OB-I00, MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033/FEDERR21AI151229, R21AI176069, 75N93021C00014, 75N93019C00051Singh GDiego JG-BArranz-Herrero JSchotsaert MPark S-CWarang PChang LAOchando JNistal-Villan ELaghlali GBurgess ENoureddine MfalseDisease modulation by TIV vaccination during secondary pneumococcal infections in influenza-infected mice.Secondary bacterial infections can significantly worsen the clinical course of influenza virus infections and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during seasonal influenza epidemics. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, influenza-related complications from secondary bacterial infections are an important cause of death, particularly among the elderly population. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (Spn) is the most common agent responsible for influenza-related secondary bacterial infections. Influenza virus vaccination serves as an effective prophylactic strategy for preventing influenza and reducing the burden of influenza-associated pathology, including secondary bacterial infection. However, whether the protective effects of influenza virus vaccination differ in the conte2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-16T00:47:34.098Z2026-07-09T10:26:30.729ZS-EPMC129119024145994810.1128/jvi.01774-25