biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Karmakar SWe have synthesized CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ using a green synthesis route, employing an oxalate precursor obtained from a mixture of Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) fruit juice and aloe vera extract. The structural, microstructural, and ac electrical transport characteristics of this material were examined at high temperatures from 308 to 773 K and in a wide frequency window of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate a single-phase body-centered cubic crystal structure with space group Im-3, and A_g and F_g vibrational modes due to rotations of TiO₆ octahedra and Ti-O-Ti anti-stretching vibrations in CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂. The fitted Nyquist plots ([ForScientific reports6994https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12920796biostudies-literatureOrigin of giant dielectric permittivity and localized polaron-supported electrical conduction in CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> for extreme environment energy storage applications.PMC12920796Basha NHKar BAshok KBorkar HPatwari MKoochana PKRajashekhar GKarmakar SBoddhula RMohanty HSfalseOrigin of giant dielectric permittivity and localized polaron-supported electrical conduction in CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> for extreme environment energy storage applications.We have synthesized CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ using a green synthesis route, employing an oxalate precursor obtained from a mixture of Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) fruit juice and aloe vera extract. The structural, microstructural, and ac electrical transport characteristics of this material were examined at high temperatures from 308 to 773 K and in a wide frequency window of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate a single-phase body-centered cubic crystal structure with space group Im-3, and A_g and F_g vibrational modes due to rotations of TiO₆ octahedra and Ti-O-Ti anti-stretching vibrations in CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂. The fitted Nyquist plots ([For2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-16T12:57:31.711Z2026-07-09T10:56:38.062ZS-EPMC129207964162940710.1038/s41598-026-36234-6