biostudies-literatureZhu LMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)1899https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12923798biostudies-literatureUnknown17(1)Thermosensation is evolutionarily conserved for survival, yet the roles of glia in temperature coding and circuit dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we identify C. elegans AMsh glia as dual-mode thermosensory hubs that autonomously detect temperature fluctuations by co-expressing the heat receptor GCY-28 (guanylate cyclase) and cold receptor GLR-3 (ionotropic glutamate receptor). Thermal changes induce spatiotemporal calcium dynamics in glia, driving GABA release to bidirectionally modulate neural circuits: enhancing AFD-mediated warmth detection through the excitatory receptor EXP-1 and suppressing ASH-dependent cold avoidance via the inhibitory receptor LGC-38. This GABAergic hub-and-spoke architecture regulates a broad range of thermal behaviors, including thermal avoidance, thermNature communicationsA Glial Hub-and-Spoke Circuitry in C. elegans orchestrates bidirectional thermosensation.PMC129237982021ZD0203303Hong HLei JLi RZhou YLi YLi ZLv FZhu LZhang YZhao GMa HGuan MXGong JKang LQian MZou WfalseA Glial Hub-and-Spoke Circuitry in C. elegans orchestrates bidirectional thermosensation.Thermosensation is evolutionarily conserved for survival, yet the roles of glia in temperature coding and circuit dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we identify C. elegans AMsh glia as dual-mode thermosensory hubs that autonomously detect temperature fluctuations by co-expressing the heat receptor GCY-28 (guanylate cyclase) and cold receptor GLR-3 (ionotropic glutamate receptor). Thermal changes induce spatiotemporal calcium dynamics in glia, driving GABA release to bidirectionally modulate neural circuits: enhancing AFD-mediated warmth detection through the excitatory receptor EXP-1 and suppressing ASH-dependent cold avoidance via the inhibitory receptor LGC-38. This GABAergic hub-and-spoke architecture regulates a broad range of thermal behaviors, including thermal avoidance, therm2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-07-16T17:46:47.845Z2026-07-09T11:10:16.22ZS-EPMC129237984156568110.1038/s41467-026-68766-w