biostudies-literatureBath MFNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)e020909https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12927294biostudies-literatureUnknown11(2)<h4>Background</h4>The complexity of delivering trauma care makes the assessment of its provision challenging. The identification of bellwether procedures has previously been successful in the evaluation of global surgical care; however, any equivalent in assessing trauma care is currently lacking. Through a Delphi process, we aimed to produce the bellwether procedures and processes for global trauma care.<h4>Methods</h4>A global Delphi process was undertaken with healthcare professionals and academics involved in trauma care from across the world. A list of potential procedures and processes was identified through literature review and expert opinion, along with subsequent additional options suggested by respondents. Three successive rounds were completed, with respondents rating the impoBMJ global healthDefining the bellwether procedures and processes for global trauma care: an international Delphi study.PMC12927294NIHR132455Maqbool KWoods MTheodorou ETaylor JDGalarza LMeybohm PJames ACucino AFeldheiser ASaidu IABastone PIGarcia-Marin MHardcastle TCBiston PBurrows EJWohlgemut JMHassan MSCarolino IEdmiston TIapichino GEGutierrez ABaert NMBege TMarcos DPRussell LTheophilidou EWeiser TMcKnight GPovoa PLichman LALionelle TPiccolo AVisconti DBagaria DPampal HKGavranovic ZNomayo-Oriabure BOFuest KEStarr NSantos OTorlinski THasan RYap JMVAl-Haddad MHaspels-Hogervorst EKParker RKLopes ASToumpanakis DHasan LRiha HMohamad YReyntjens KMEMBaig MAMMcKenna MBerczi MNevins EJSmith BGCheung LKTablov BVHartjes AWall DKoronakis NCorson NISchmutz RRWilburn JRLopez-Delgado JCBracht HSartarelli LTaylor JVSpieth PMGomes PMGZakaria ADDunser MWWood JNEhler JSadjadi MRoepke RMLMahecic TTHassan WO'Flynn CSGupta ASharma ARostami EAbiyere HOKatorkin SEHasnaoui ASousa ASJeevan RChesov IAbback PSGoh QYSlagt CRubiano AMAngeles-Fite GRodriguez-Ruiz EBalasubramaniam SProwle JRJawa RSPanda AKGunst JTerblanche CBath MFQuinn LDMonteiro MPSanna ABrezic NCitgez BClavier TNnajiuba HOIkwutah ESangalli FHayashi YBorgstedt LAries MJHGraw JACutuli SLGomes ICRVetrugno LCrawford RAVelez SEBashford THarnisch LORoocroft HMora PPanda SChukwu IMenon RGiaquinto SYoong SBarbosa RRPascarella GJayasuriya KAndrianopoulos IGaujoux SMuller MCABass GACherian AZhang ZJha SKLoko EMTomescu DROsorio JKawka MPilkington MBose SCarvalho LBBreslin RKobe YKoutsouki SKaren Tsang KWVenetz PGlobal Trauma Care DelphiMer MBotrel TBriones GMChew MSGuner AMahajan AAdriao DWillschke HKunutsor DZuki AMMulazzani FRavani ITaverna XJEinav SBolondi GBateman KMeidert ASIsaya NAPapadopoulos DCLandaluce-Olavarria AAydogdu GKBhagavatula IYang MLCPuthucheary ZAConway Morris AGourgiotis SBanson MMohan Gurjar NWGuarracino FJooma ZJoaco JCBains LHancorn KAslanidis TCarsetti AHallmann BYigit BShepherd JSwarna KBayleyegn NSRahman SMWijayatilake DWirtz SPTyagi NMadsen BEMunusamy TLeon DAHobbs LPasquier PWhiffin CKalina MMarchesini NMukoro GDSingh BCalini GContreras SMNuno-Guzman CMRanzani OOzdemirkan ZARanzani OTYehorov ORussotto VKaldis VNavarro SMMourisco MBaby PKaimakamis ESamal SManidas RAmoako JKumar NBartakke AAChapalain XEl-Boghdady MNaidoo AGarg RSoto CLChu BFAkli-Nartey CAOPantazopoulos ICarenzo LKhan THShrestha GShaiffudin NAAkbas SBrennan RAbdelwahab MABangash MNGuimaraes TCWineberg DLHelan MWahjoepramono POPMallat JKabatoro DStrumia AElkady HNoe EBringas MBorja EALGeletu KDsilva LPuebla DBRatnayake ASDepret FNoureldin ATuritwenka DRobertson AGHerges HOPetrone PMifsud SJodlowski TJones HGShanmugam PPremstaller MKhadka YKvolik SAydogdu YFWaleed WBGJoshi RBlondeau BSheth YAdamu ALlompart-Pou JASchnaubelt SAlonso-Inigo JMKarmakar STsaousi GPaiva WSmith ORoshdy AGlobal Trauma Care Delphi CollaborativeNasa PAndzie-Mensah ESahni NGargavanis ADeana CAlexopoulou CfalseDefining the bellwether procedures and processes for global trauma care: an international Delphi study.<h4>Background</h4>The complexity of delivering trauma care makes the assessment of its provision challenging. The identification of bellwether procedures has previously been successful in the evaluation of global surgical care; however, any equivalent in assessing trauma care is currently lacking. Through a Delphi process, we aimed to produce the bellwether procedures and processes for global trauma care.<h4>Methods</h4>A global Delphi process was undertaken with healthcare professionals and academics involved in trauma care from across the world. A list of potential procedures and processes was identified through literature review and expert opinion, along with subsequent additional options suggested by respondents. Three successive rounds were completed, with respondents rating the impo2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-16T18:34:18.295Z2026-07-11T03:08:38.656ZS-EPMC129272944172058110.1136/bmjgh-2025-020909