biostudies-literatureSong TChina Agriculture Research System of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThe Shigatse Regional Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Special Project2631819https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12927403biostudies-literatureUnknown37(1)Xizang sheep are vital economic livestock in plateau regions. Traditional surgical castration often induces stress and infection. Although immunization presents an alternative method, the physiological mechanisms underlying its effects in Xizang sheep remain unclear. Therefore, this study integrated serum immune-antioxidant indicators with hypothalamus-pituitary transcriptomics to investigate molecular mechanisms of GnRH immunization. Results indicated that serum IgA, IgG, IgM, SOD, and GSH in the immunization (IM) group were significantly higher than in control (CON) and surgical castration (SN) groups, while IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis revealed that hypothalamic <i>CYTB</i>, <i>ATP6</i>, <i>COX</i>, <i>ABLIM1</i>, and <i>ABI3</i> were sigAnimal biotechnologyTranscriptomic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by GnRH immunization in Xizang sheep.PMC1292740332260838CARS-38QYXTZX-RKZ2023-05Li HCui JZhao WWang GZhang MZeng XZhang TXian LZhang XJiang XSong TJiayang ZMustafa SBChen XLiu GfalseTranscriptomic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by GnRH immunization in Xizang sheep.Xizang sheep are vital economic livestock in plateau regions. Traditional surgical castration often induces stress and infection. Although immunization presents an alternative method, the physiological mechanisms underlying its effects in Xizang sheep remain unclear. Therefore, this study integrated serum immune-antioxidant indicators with hypothalamus-pituitary transcriptomics to investigate molecular mechanisms of GnRH immunization. Results indicated that serum IgA, IgG, IgM, SOD, and GSH in the immunization (IM) group were significantly higher than in control (CON) and surgical castration (SN) groups, while IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis revealed that hypothalamic <i>CYTB</i>, <i>ATP6</i>, <i>COX</i>, <i>ABLIM1</i>, and <i>ABI3</i> were sig2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Dec2026-07-16T18:25:11.092Z2026-07-09T11:15:12.397ZS-EPMC129274034171594710.1080/10495398.2026.2631819