biostudies-literatureLiu XNational Natural Science Foundation of China5https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12933981biostudies-literatureUnknown23(1)<h4>Objective</h4>To develop and evaluate a quercetin-loaded silicon dioxide-graphene nanocomposite (Que@SiO₂-GNPs) for targeted macrophage modulation and epithelial protection in a Mycoplasma-induced pneumonia model.<h4>Methods</h4>Que@SiO₂-GNPs were synthesized via graphene oxide dispersion, sol-gel silica coating, and quercetin adsorption. Physicochemical properties were characterized by XPS, XRD, and FTIR. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in MP-infected rat models via histopathology, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunostaining, and Western blot. Cellular uptake, polarization, and functional assays were performed in primary AMs and BEAS-2B epithelial cells.<h4>Results</h4>Que@SiO₂-GNPs exhibited successful surface modification and quercetin incorporation with stable physicochemical propJournal of inflammation (London, England)Quercetin-loaded silicon dioxide-graphene nanoparticles promotes M2 macrophage reprogramming in mycoplasma-induced pneumonia.PMC1293398181804144Liu XJiang YLi WLi XJiang ZChen XFei XfalseQuercetin-loaded silicon dioxide-graphene nanoparticles promotes M2 macrophage reprogramming in mycoplasma-induced pneumonia.<h4>Objective</h4>To develop and evaluate a quercetin-loaded silicon dioxide-graphene nanocomposite (Que@SiO₂-GNPs) for targeted macrophage modulation and epithelial protection in a Mycoplasma-induced pneumonia model.<h4>Methods</h4>Que@SiO₂-GNPs were synthesized via graphene oxide dispersion, sol-gel silica coating, and quercetin adsorption. Physicochemical properties were characterized by XPS, XRD, and FTIR. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in MP-infected rat models via histopathology, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunostaining, and Western blot. Cellular uptake, polarization, and functional assays were performed in primary AMs and BEAS-2B epithelial cells.<h4>Results</h4>Que@SiO₂-GNPs exhibited successful surface modification and quercetin incorporation with stable physicochemical prop2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-16T20:45:14.473Z2026-07-10T03:11:30.07ZS-EPMC129339814171509410.1186/s12950-026-00484-y