biostudies-literatureNguyen-Edquilang JNatuinal Science Foundation USA166https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12939097biostudies-literatureUnknown48(2)Papayas possess three sex genotypes: female XX, male XY, and hermaphrodite XY^h. Only male plants produce long peduncles with numerous flowers, a trait that improves reproductive success. The gene <i>SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE</i> (<i>CpSVP</i>) is located on the Y chromosome, absent from the X chromosome, and disrupted in the Y^h chromosome, making it a key candidate gene for long peduncles in male plants. An autosomal <i>CpSVP</i> allele (<i>CpSVP-A</i>) was also annotated in a papaya genome. The overexpression of the male allele in <i>Arabidopsis</i> increases pedicel length, which supports its role in pedicel elongation. Unexpectedly, the autosomal allele <i>CpSVP-A</i> produced a similar phenotype as the male one, while the hermaphroditic allele (<i>CpSVP-Y^hCurrent issues in molecular biologySubfunctionalization of &lt;i&gt;CpSVP-Y&lt;/i&gt; Paralog Contributes to Male Reproductive Fitness in Papaya.PMC12939097DBI-1546890Ming RNguyen-Edquilang JYue JfalseSubfunctionalization of &lt;i&gt;CpSVP-Y&lt;/i&gt; Paralog Contributes to Male Reproductive Fitness in Papaya.Papayas possess three sex genotypes: female XX, male XY, and hermaphrodite XY^h. Only male plants produce long peduncles with numerous flowers, a trait that improves reproductive success. The gene <i>SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE</i> (<i>CpSVP</i>) is located on the Y chromosome, absent from the X chromosome, and disrupted in the Y^h chromosome, making it a key candidate gene for long peduncles in male plants. An autosomal <i>CpSVP</i> allele (<i>CpSVP-A</i>) was also annotated in a papaya genome. The overexpression of the male allele in <i>Arabidopsis</i> increases pedicel length, which supports its role in pedicel elongation. Unexpectedly, the autosomal allele <i>CpSVP-A</i> produced a similar phenotype as the male one, while the hermaphroditic allele (<i>CpSVP-Y^h2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-10T03:19:28.412Z2026-07-10T03:15:07.021ZS-EPMC129390974175142810.3390/cimb48020166