biostudies-literatureUnknown48(2)Torres Flores C<i>Flaveria trinervia</i> (Spreng) C. Mohr is a plant traditionally used in Mexican medicine. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with network pharmacology was employed to characterize volatile and semi-volatile metabolites from <i>F. trinervia</i> leaves and to explore their potential system-level mechanisms of action in inflammatory and tumor-related disorders. A dual extraction strategy (hexane/dichloromethane and acetone/chloroform) was applied, followed by GC-MS-based compound identification. Putative molecular targets were predicted using established pharmacological databases, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify topological features and enriched biological pathways. A total of 11 bioactive compounds were tentatively iCurrent issues in molecular biology160https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12939618biostudies-literatureFrom Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Network Pharmacology: System-Level Insights into the Multi-Target Biological Potential of &lt;i&gt;Flaveria trinervia&lt;/i&gt; (Spreng.) C. Mohr.PMC12939618Mora Guzman ZTorres Flores CLastre-Dominguez CMJarquin Gonzalez EEPerez-Campos ELopez Montesinos KCLaguna-Barrios LAMartinez Cruz MPerez-Campos Mayoral LMendez-Rodriguez KBPerez-Vazquez FJPerez Campos-Mayoral EHernandez-Huerta MTCabrera-Fuentes HAPina Canseco MDSfalseFrom Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Network Pharmacology: System-Level Insights into the Multi-Target Biological Potential of &lt;i&gt;Flaveria trinervia&lt;/i&gt; (Spreng.) C. Mohr.<i>Flaveria trinervia</i> (Spreng) C. Mohr is a plant traditionally used in Mexican medicine. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with network pharmacology was employed to characterize volatile and semi-volatile metabolites from <i>F. trinervia</i> leaves and to explore their potential system-level mechanisms of action in inflammatory and tumor-related disorders. A dual extraction strategy (hexane/dichloromethane and acetone/chloroform) was applied, followed by GC-MS-based compound identification. Putative molecular targets were predicted using established pharmacological databases, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify topological features and enriched biological pathways. A total of 11 bioactive compounds were tentatively i2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-11T03:17:52.235Z2026-07-11T03:09:33.027ZS-EPMC129396184175142310.3390/cimb48020160