biostudies-literatureLi YHunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology109https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12940405biostudies-literatureUnknown12(2)The development of high-performance solid-state energy storage devices is constrained by the limited ionic conductivity of gel electrolytes. To address this challenge, an inductively coupled nitrogen plasma (ICP) surface modification strategy was applied to poly(vinyl alcohol)-potassium hydroxide (PVA-KOH) gel electrolytes. The optimal plasma treatment parameters (150 W, 20 s) were identified based on ionic conductivity measurements. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that plasma treatment effectively introduced nitrogen-containing polar functional groups on the gel surface, induced surface nitrogen doping, increased surface roughness, and disrupted the hydrogen bond network. These synergistic microstructural modifications and chemical modifications increased interfacial polarity andGels (Basel, Switzerland)Enhancing Solid-State Supercapacitors with Nitrogen Plasma-Activated PVA-KOH Gel Electrolyte.PMC129404052024WK2023Wu ZTao JLi YShen JChen GFang SDuan WXiang KfalseEnhancing Solid-State Supercapacitors with Nitrogen Plasma-Activated PVA-KOH Gel Electrolyte.The development of high-performance solid-state energy storage devices is constrained by the limited ionic conductivity of gel electrolytes. To address this challenge, an inductively coupled nitrogen plasma (ICP) surface modification strategy was applied to poly(vinyl alcohol)-potassium hydroxide (PVA-KOH) gel electrolytes. The optimal plasma treatment parameters (150 W, 20 s) were identified based on ionic conductivity measurements. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that plasma treatment effectively introduced nitrogen-containing polar functional groups on the gel surface, induced surface nitrogen doping, increased surface roughness, and disrupted the hydrogen bond network. These synergistic microstructural modifications and chemical modifications increased interfacial polarity and2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-07-11T03:15:02.763Z2026-07-11T03:11:47.397ZS-EPMC129404054174498010.3390/gels12020109