biostudies-literatureUnknown21(2)Sadeghzadeh Hemayati SClimate change and increasing pressure on water resources have renewed interest in autumn cultivation of sugar beet, a practice that benefits from seasonal precipitation and reduces dependence on irrigation. However, bolting remains a major limitation, substantially affecting yield stability and the economic viability of production. This study evaluated ten experimental sugar beet hybrids and two bolting-resistant control varieties across three environments over two cropping years (2022-2023 and 2023-2024). Randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented for agronomic evaluations. The vernalization-intensity model was used to estimate vernalization threshold (VT) and bolting sensitivity. Genotype BOL436 exhibited the highest VT (134 h) but also showed pronounced senPloS onee0339856https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12944751biostudies-literaturePredictive modeling of sugar beet bolting via vernalization-intensity model and resilience assessment in diverse autumn cultivation environments.PMC12944751Nooshkam AAbdipur MYar-Ahmadi SSaremirad ASadeghzadeh Hemayati SfalsePredictive modeling of sugar beet bolting via vernalization-intensity model and resilience assessment in diverse autumn cultivation environments.Climate change and increasing pressure on water resources have renewed interest in autumn cultivation of sugar beet, a practice that benefits from seasonal precipitation and reduces dependence on irrigation. However, bolting remains a major limitation, substantially affecting yield stability and the economic viability of production. This study evaluated ten experimental sugar beet hybrids and two bolting-resistant control varieties across three environments over two cropping years (2022-2023 and 2023-2024). Randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented for agronomic evaluations. The vernalization-intensity model was used to estimate vernalization threshold (VT) and bolting sensitivity. Genotype BOL436 exhibited the highest VT (134 h) but also showed pronounced sen2026-01-01T00:00:00Z20262026-07-11T03:17:01.031Z2026-07-11T03:12:02.16ZS-EPMC129447514174699910.1371/journal.pone.0339856