biostudies-literaturePark YJHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHSNIH HHS619-627https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12945441biostudies-literatureUnknown378(6620)Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although most clinical antibodies havScience (New York, N.Y.)Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages.PMC12945441S10 OD023476DP1 AI158186R01 AI16301975N93022C00036Rajesh AFranko NMMontiel-Ruiz MGuarino BGiannini Odi Iulio JAbdelnabi RCeschi ASchnell GPark YJCorti DSoriaga LSprouse KRStewart CAddetia ABowen JEBenigni FBassi JFerrari PLogue JKSchmid MAPizzuto MSNoack JWhelan SPJDe Marco ADang HVHauser KNeyts JPinto DLanzavecchia APiccoli LBourhy HVirgin HWRivera WSilacci-Fregni CKergoat LFarhat NKaiser Hde Melo GDLiu ZJaner JZhou JChu HYPurcell LAVeesler DLempp FAWalls ACSnell GZatta FSaliba CMaes PGiurdanella MfalseImprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although most clinical antibodies hav2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2026-07-16T21:53:59Z2026-07-10T03:15:40.52ZS-EPMC129454413626482910.1126/science.adc9127