biostudies-literatureDi Dona GFondazione Regionale per la Ricerca BiomedicaMinistero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della RicercaMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca11https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12947359biostudies-literatureUnknown18(1)Developmental dyslexia (DD) affects approximately 10% of individuals, impairing reading ability thus limiting professional fulfilment and psychological wellbeing. DD is associated with both phonological and visual deficits, and the latter are attributed to dysfunctions of the magnocellular-dorsal visual stream, which has a critical role in planning saccades and supporting the extraction of letters/words identity. Currently, there are no effective treatments to restore the brain networks underlying visuospatial analysis and oculomotor efficiency. Adults with DD were enrolled in a randomised clinical trial introducing a non-invasive neuromodulation protocol specifically designed to enhance dorsal stream functionality. We used bi-focal beta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tJournal of neurodevelopmental disordersA new effective treatment for dyslexia based on dorsal visual stream neuromodulation.PMC1294735917511502022H4ZRSNVenniro LDe Benedetto FTurri CPerani DDi Dona GZamfira DARonconi LVenturini CfalseA new effective treatment for dyslexia based on dorsal visual stream neuromodulation.Developmental dyslexia (DD) affects approximately 10% of individuals, impairing reading ability thus limiting professional fulfilment and psychological wellbeing. DD is associated with both phonological and visual deficits, and the latter are attributed to dysfunctions of the magnocellular-dorsal visual stream, which has a critical role in planning saccades and supporting the extraction of letters/words identity. Currently, there are no effective treatments to restore the brain networks underlying visuospatial analysis and oculomotor efficiency. Adults with DD were enrolled in a randomised clinical trial introducing a non-invasive neuromodulation protocol specifically designed to enhance dorsal stream functionality. We used bi-focal beta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (t2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Jan2026-07-16T22:23:18.499Z2026-07-13T03:07:16.467ZS-EPMC129473594162063810.1186/s11689-026-09675-3