biostudies-literatureBashirova AANCRR NIH HHSNCI NIH HHS217-27https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC140574biostudies-literatureUnknown77(1)Two CD209 family genes identified in humans, CD209 (DC-SIGN) and CD209L (DC-SIGNR/L-SIGN), encode C-type lectins that serve as adhesion receptors for ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 and participate in the transmission of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) to target cells in vitro. Here we characterize the CD209 gene family in nonhuman primates and show that recent evolutionary alterations have occurred in this family across primate species. All of the primate species tested, specifically, Old World monkeys (OWM) and apes, have orthologues of human CD209. In contrast, CD209L is missing in OWM but present in apes. A third family member, that we have named CD209L2, was cloned from rhesus monkey cDNA and subsequently identified in OWM and apes but not in humans. Rhesus CD2Journal of virologyNovel member of the CD209 (DC-SIGN) gene family in primates.PMC140574N01CO12400K26 RR000168RR00168N01-CO-12400P51 RR000168Martin MPLifson JDWu LBashirova AAHughes ACarrington MBenveniste REKewalRamani VNCheng JMartin TDfalseNovel member of the CD209 (DC-SIGN) gene family in primates.Two CD209 family genes identified in humans, CD209 (DC-SIGN) and CD209L (DC-SIGNR/L-SIGN), encode C-type lectins that serve as adhesion receptors for ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 and participate in the transmission of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) to target cells in vitro. Here we characterize the CD209 gene family in nonhuman primates and show that recent evolutionary alterations have occurred in this family across primate species. All of the primate species tested, specifically, Old World monkeys (OWM) and apes, have orthologues of human CD209. In contrast, CD209L is missing in OWM but present in apes. A third family member, that we have named CD209L2, was cloned from rhesus monkey cDNA and subsequently identified in OWM and apes but not in humans. Rhesus CD22003-01-01T00:00:00Z2003 Jan2025-04-21T15:27:23.127Z2019-03-27T00:17:30ZS-EPMC1405741247782710.1128/jvi.77.1.217-227.2003