biostudies-literaturePaz-Filho GNIDDK NIH HHSNCRR NIH HHS1808-12https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC2998704biostudies-literatureUnknown64(13)<h4>Background</h4>Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone produced mainly by the adipose tissue. Its most well-known effect is to regulate food intake and energy metabolism within the hypothalamus. More recently, several peripheral and extra-hypothalamic effects have been described, expanding leptin's actions far beyond energy balance.<h4>Aims</h4>To review the extra-hypothalamic effects of leptin and their possible clinical implications.<h4>Methods</h4>We did a PubMed search using the terms "leptin" AND "brain" AND "neuron" AND "glial", and selected the most relevant articles.<h4>Results</h4>In extra-hypothalamic sites, leptin has remarkable effects on neurogenesis, axon growth, synaptogenesis, denditric morphology, development of oligodendroglial cells, neuron excitability, neuroprotection and International journal of clinical practiceThe procognitive effects of leptin in the brain and their clinical implications.PMC2998704R01 DK058851K24 RR016996Paz-Filho GLicinio JWong MLfalseThe procognitive effects of leptin in the brain and their clinical implications.<h4>Background</h4>Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone produced mainly by the adipose tissue. Its most well-known effect is to regulate food intake and energy metabolism within the hypothalamus. More recently, several peripheral and extra-hypothalamic effects have been described, expanding leptin's actions far beyond energy balance.<h4>Aims</h4>To review the extra-hypothalamic effects of leptin and their possible clinical implications.<h4>Methods</h4>We did a PubMed search using the terms "leptin" AND "brain" AND "neuron" AND "glial", and selected the most relevant articles.<h4>Results</h4>In extra-hypothalamic sites, leptin has remarkable effects on neurogenesis, axon growth, synaptogenesis, denditric morphology, development of oligodendroglial cells, neuron excitability, neuroprotection and 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z2010 Dec2025-04-05T09:57:13.356Z2019-03-27T00:37:15ZS-EPMC29987042107053110.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02536.x