biostudies-literatureHan DNIDDK NIH HHS290-301https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3096683biostudies-literatureUnknown139(3)There is a need for biomarkers to monitor the development and progression of type 1 DM. We analyzed mRNA expression levels for granzyme B, perforin, fas ligand, TNF-?, IFN-?, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-?, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Immunoglobulin G gamma chain (IgG<gamma>) genes in peripheral blood of at-risk, new-onset and long-term type 1 DM , and healthy controls. The majority of the genes were suppressed in long-term type 1 DM compared to controls and new-onset patients. IFN-?, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly higher in new-onset compared to at-risk and long-term groups. There was decreased mRNA expression for AID and IgG<gamma> and up-regulation of IFN-? with age in controls. Data suggest an overall depressed immunity in long-term type 1 DM. Increased gene expression levels for IFN-?, IL-4 and IL-10 in new-onset patients from at-risk patients might be used as potential markers for progression of the disease.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)Immune profiling by multiple gene expression analysis in patients at-risk and with type 1 diabetes.PMC3096683U01 DK070460-01UO1 DK070460U01 DK070460U01 DK061041-01U01 DK061041U01 DK061037-01U01 DK085499U01DK061037U01 DK061037Allende GMeneghini LFLeyva CAAlejandro RMineo DMessinger SMatheson DBlomberg BBKenyon NSHan DHernandez ASkyler JSPugliese AfalseImmune profiling by multiple gene expression analysis in patients at-risk and with type 1 diabetes.There is a need for biomarkers to monitor the development and progression of type 1 DM. We analyzed mRNA expression levels for granzyme B, perforin, fas ligand, TNF-?, IFN-?, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-?, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Immunoglobulin G gamma chain (IgG<gamma>) genes in peripheral blood of at-risk, new-onset and long-term type 1 DM , and healthy controls. The majority of the genes were suppressed in long-term type 1 DM compared to controls and new-onset patients. IFN-?, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly higher in new-onset compared to at-risk and long-term groups. There was decreased mRNA expression for AID and IgG<gamma> and up-regulation of IFN-? with age in controls. Data suggest an overall depressed immunity in long-term type 1 DM. Increased gene expression levels for IFN-?, IL-4 and IL-10 in new-onset patients from at-risk patients might be used as potential markers for progression of the disease.2011-01-01T00:00:00Z2011 Jun2021-02-20T17:10:23Z2019-03-27T00:41:41ZS-EPMC30966832141484810.1016/j.clim.2011.02.016