biostudies-literatureUnknown6(8)Ghosn JOur objective was to analyze the evolution of resistance mutations (RM) and viral tropism of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains detected at primary HIV-1 infection (PHI). MDR HIV strain was defined as the presence of genotypic resistance to at least 1 antiretroviral of the 3 classes. Tropism determinations (CCR5 or CXCR4) were performed on baseline plasma HIV-RNA and/or PBMC-HIV-DNA samples, then during follow-up using population-based sequencing of V3 loop and phenotypic tests. Clonal analysis was performed at baseline for env, RT and protease genes, and for HIV-DNA env gene during follow-up. Five patients were eligible. At baseline, RT, protease and env clones from HIV-RNA and HIV-DNA were highly homogenous for each patient; genotypic tropism was R5 in 3 (A,B,C) and X4 in 2 patients (D,EPloS onee23301https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3160852biostudies-literatureX4 tropic multi-drug resistant quasi-species detected at the time of primary HIV-1 infection remain exclusive or at least dominant far from PHI.PMC3160852Ravaux IAbraham BRannou MTLeboucher BMerrien DChambrin VDrogoul MPMassip PZucman DBeck-Wirth GTouam FLevy YLascoux CLeport CQuinsat DTDavid FMorlat PGalanaud PSaada MDrenou BGranier FHussonnois CZeng AGenet CChoutet PRouzioux CKoffi KGenet PColasante UBuisson MTherby AChakvetadze CCheret ALepeu AHerson SObadia MGirard PMChevojon PBoue FStein AMay TMorelon SBonnet EBonnet FGreder Belan ABergmann JFJacomet CAudhuy BDelfraissy JFDebab YTubiana RKatlama CChemlal KDe Lacroix Szmania IGonzales Canali GSauser FPhung BHoulbert DSamanon-Bollens DDominguez SFantin BGellen-Dautremer JFialaire PAissi EMoreau PLamaury ISalmon DGodin CDupont MMakhloufi DRouveix EBentata MBodard LDaniel CRoudiere LAbel SMeyer LLemercier YSix MParrinello MRatajczak MDupont CBiron CDupont BMolina JMDuvivier CLoze BNiault MCabie AAit Mohand HTimsit JRaymond SNau PDomart YViard JPSobel AWeiss LRaymond IJardel HBonarek MBoyer LFolzer ACompagnucci AVinceneux PPerre PWassoumbou SLascaux ASANRS CO 06 PRIMO cohortLemoing VJadand CBletry OPichard EPoizot-Martin IHuchon GVaillant ORouges FBadsi ERedelsperger YRoche-Sicot JBeuscart CPerino CGirard JJMansouri RPiroth LFuzibet JGLepretre AJeanblanc FChiarello PMorel PHoen BAllemand JGayraud MLelievre JDMerle De Boever CSimonpoli AMFontaine CRegnier AGourdon FBeck CKousignian PPrudhomme LTredup JReliquet VTattevin PBaillat VAntoniotti OBazin CBlanc APThomas RLortholary OLagarde PAristal SGerard LGeffray LDevidas APierre-Francois SLouis IChaudier BSouala FBeytout JYazdanpanah YLambert de Cursay GSimon ACourtade BUludag APichancourt GRuel MSobesky GGoujard CNeuville SCotte LChavanet CGarray VTourneur MPerronne VLivrozet JMCua EBoussard JLTempesta SBoucherit SMounoury ONouts CMiailhes PDellamonica PPerronne CMedus MDrobacheff COksenhendler EVerdon Rde Truchis PReynes JLaunay OAllegre TRaffi FSlama LLoison JRagnaud JMJestin CIzopet JGrihon FCaron FTrepo CGastaut JAMartha BSlama BSohn CClavel CChaix MLPicard OSaint-Dizier FDiab GBouvet ESaraux JLWeinbreck PPoinsignon YFior RRosenthal EDeveau CRaffenne LBastides FDiemer MAumaitre HGuillevin LSereni DBloch MCampa PPialoux GGalimand JChaillou SYeni PGhosn JLafeuillade ASordage MEl Alami NMiodovski CfalseX4 tropic multi-drug resistant quasi-species detected at the time of primary HIV-1 infection remain exclusive or at least dominant far from PHI.Our objective was to analyze the evolution of resistance mutations (RM) and viral tropism of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains detected at primary HIV-1 infection (PHI). MDR HIV strain was defined as the presence of genotypic resistance to at least 1 antiretroviral of the 3 classes. Tropism determinations (CCR5 or CXCR4) were performed on baseline plasma HIV-RNA and/or PBMC-HIV-DNA samples, then during follow-up using population-based sequencing of V3 loop and phenotypic tests. Clonal analysis was performed at baseline for env, RT and protease genes, and for HIV-DNA env gene during follow-up. Five patients were eligible. At baseline, RT, protease and env clones from HIV-RNA and HIV-DNA were highly homogenous for each patient; genotypic tropism was R5 in 3 (A,B,C) and X4 in 2 patients (D,E2011-01-01T00:00:00Z20112026-04-16T19:10:06.506Z2026-04-07T14:18:13.551ZS-EPMC31608522188724310.1371/journal.pone.0023301