biostudies-literatureBhan UNHLBI NIH HHSNational Institutes of Health2779-87https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3260863biostudies-literatureUnknown179(6)Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), an inflammatory lung disease, develops after repeated exposure to inhaled particulate antigen and is characterized by a vigorous T helper type 1-mediated immune response, resulting in the release of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ. These T helper type 1 cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of HP. Stachybotrys chartarum (SC) is a dimorphic fungus implicated in a number of respiratory illnesses, including HP. Here, we have developed a murine model of SC-induced HP that reproduces pathology observed in human HP and hypothesized that toll receptor-like 9 (TLR9)-mediated dendritic cell responses are required for the generation of granulomatous inflammation induced by inhaled SC. Mice sensitized and challenged with 10(6) SC spores develop granulomatous inThe American journal of pathologyStachybotrys chartarum-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis is TLR9 dependent.PMC3260863R01 HL057243R01 HL25243K08 HL094762R01 HL097564K08HL094762Newstead MJStandiford LRStandiford TJZeng XBhan UBallinger MNfalseStachybotrys chartarum-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis is TLR9 dependent.Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), an inflammatory lung disease, develops after repeated exposure to inhaled particulate antigen and is characterized by a vigorous T helper type 1-mediated immune response, resulting in the release of IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ. These T helper type 1 cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of HP. Stachybotrys chartarum (SC) is a dimorphic fungus implicated in a number of respiratory illnesses, including HP. Here, we have developed a murine model of SC-induced HP that reproduces pathology observed in human HP and hypothesized that toll receptor-like 9 (TLR9)-mediated dendritic cell responses are required for the generation of granulomatous inflammation induced by inhaled SC. Mice sensitized and challenged with 10(6) SC spores develop granulomatous in2011-01-01T00:00:00Z2011 Dec2025-04-26T16:50:09.485Z2019-03-27T00:48:07ZS-EPMC32608632198283210.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.019