biostudies-literatureUnknown165(2)Harenberg JNew direct and indirect acting factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin inhibitors are being developed to overcome the downsides of the conventional anticoagulants - unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins and vitamin K antagonists. Ximelagatran and idraparinux failed to demonstrate an acceptable safety profile. Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are approved for the post-operative prevention of thromboembolic complications after elective hip or knee replacement surgery; dabigatran is approved for the prevention of embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation in an increasing number of countries. Several novel indirect antithrombin-dependent anticoagulants as well as antithrombin-independent oral direct FXa and thrombin inhibitors are investigated in multiple indications for the prophylaxis and treaBritish journal of pharmacology363-72https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3268190biostudies-literatureNew anticoagulants - promising and failed developments.PMC3268190Krejczy MHarenberg JWehling MMarx SfalseNew anticoagulants - promising and failed developments.New direct and indirect acting factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin inhibitors are being developed to overcome the downsides of the conventional anticoagulants - unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins and vitamin K antagonists. Ximelagatran and idraparinux failed to demonstrate an acceptable safety profile. Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are approved for the post-operative prevention of thromboembolic complications after elective hip or knee replacement surgery; dabigatran is approved for the prevention of embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation in an increasing number of countries. Several novel indirect antithrombin-dependent anticoagulants as well as antithrombin-independent oral direct FXa and thrombin inhibitors are investigated in multiple indications for the prophylaxis and trea2012-01-01T00:00:00Z2012 Jan2025-04-05T10:37:11.476Z2019-03-27T00:48:32ZS-EPMC32681902174040510.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01578.x