biostudies-literatureTso FYNCRR NIH HHSFIC NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Councile32827https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3299704biostudies-literatureUnknown7(3)Understanding the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope during disease progression can provide tremendous insights for vaccine development, and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection of non-human primate provides an ideal platform for such studies. A newly developed clade C SHIV, SHIV-1157ipd3N4, which was able to infect rhesus macaques, closely resembled primary HIV-1 in transmission and pathogenesis, was used to infect several pig-tailed macaques. One of the infected animals subsequently progressed to AIDS, whereas one remained a non-progressor. The viral envelope evolution in the infected animals during disease progression was analyzed by a bioinformatics approach using ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Our results showed substantial envelope variaPloS oneDynamics of envelope evolution in clade C SHIV-infected pig-tailed macaques during disease progression analyzed by ultra-deep pyrosequencing.PMC3299704RR000166P01 AI048240P30 RR031151R01 CA075903T32 AI060547TW001429P51 RR000166EP/H003851/1P01 AI48240CA75903N01 AI060006D43 TW0014293P01AI048240-08S1Ruprecht RMHu SLHo OWood CTully DCGonzalez STso FYPolacino PQuince CfalseDynamics of envelope evolution in clade C SHIV-infected pig-tailed macaques during disease progression analyzed by ultra-deep pyrosequencing.Understanding the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope during disease progression can provide tremendous insights for vaccine development, and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection of non-human primate provides an ideal platform for such studies. A newly developed clade C SHIV, SHIV-1157ipd3N4, which was able to infect rhesus macaques, closely resembled primary HIV-1 in transmission and pathogenesis, was used to infect several pig-tailed macaques. One of the infected animals subsequently progressed to AIDS, whereas one remained a non-progressor. The viral envelope evolution in the infected animals during disease progression was analyzed by a bioinformatics approach using ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Our results showed substantial envelope varia2012-01-01T00:00:00Z20122026-04-07T20:46:31.542Z2026-04-07T17:47:06.231ZS-EPMC32997042242789310.1371/journal.pone.0032827