biostudies-literatureNielsen-Saines KNCATS NIH HHSNICHD NIH HHSNIDDK NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHS2368-79https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3590113biostudies-literatureUnknown366(25)<h4>Background</h4>The safety and efficacy of adding antiretroviral drugs to standard zidovudine prophylaxis in infants of mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who did not receive antenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of late identification are unclear. We evaluated three ART regimens in such infants.<h4>Methods</h4>Within 48 hours after their birth, we randomly assigned formula-fed infants born to women with a peripartum diagnosis of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection to one of three regimens: zidovudine for 6 weeks (zidovudine-alone group), zidovudine for 6 weeks plus three doses of nevirapine during the first 8 days of life (two-drug group), or zidovudine for 6 weeks plus nelfinavir and lamivudine for 2 weeks (three-drug group). The primary outcome was HIV-1 infeThe New England journal of medicineThree postpartum antiretroviral regimens to prevent intrapartum HIV infection.PMC3590113UM1 AI068632AI068632UL1 TR000454HHSN267200800001GN01-HD-8-0001U01 AI047986HHSN267200800001CU01 AI068632Bertucci YGuyadeen PSiberry GFonseca RMartins ENoletto TBettica LCordovil AVBess JJoao ECAgwu AKaufman LLeshabane NLira RCotton MLalsab SNyati MBethel JCamarca MPatel RMorgado MGMarzo SCeriotto MHutton NXu JSantos BPilotto JHRathore MTheron GXu YMoye JRibeiro VVeloso VGTorres TYu ELegoete SSucci RFerreira FFDriver BPrice GMazzucanti PFerreira AVieira CSLouw JCoelho DFAluko EBryant JCruz MGray GWatts DHLawrence RMOleske JMDelany CNielsen-Saines KWatson SDerrico MMirochnick MSalgado LARibeiro LCLira CFHowell SKreitchmann RDeveikis Ade Oliveira MSChen Pde Menezes JATiraboschi Barbaro AAAcevedo Flores MMofenson LMKakehasi FMcIntyre JAPinto JMachado DMeyerson LJohnson MThoma KMussi-Pinhata MMRibeiro JEMoreira RIRead JNICHD HPTN 040/PACTG 1043 Protocol TeamPerez EGrinsztejn BBastos FISzyld EBryson YJEllen JZwerski SGouveia AMarks SDickover RSanseverino AMaritz ESmith ERaitt SDuarte GAnderson JPetrova LGriggs CTucker MDuston RfalseThree postpartum antiretroviral regimens to prevent intrapartum HIV infection.<h4>Background</h4>The safety and efficacy of adding antiretroviral drugs to standard zidovudine prophylaxis in infants of mothers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who did not receive antenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of late identification are unclear. We evaluated three ART regimens in such infants.<h4>Methods</h4>Within 48 hours after their birth, we randomly assigned formula-fed infants born to women with a peripartum diagnosis of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection to one of three regimens: zidovudine for 6 weeks (zidovudine-alone group), zidovudine for 6 weeks plus three doses of nevirapine during the first 8 days of life (two-drug group), or zidovudine for 6 weeks plus nelfinavir and lamivudine for 2 weeks (three-drug group). The primary outcome was HIV-1 infe2012-01-01T00:00:00Z2012 Jun2025-04-18T17:49:45.269Z2019-03-27T00:13:32ZS-EPMC35901132271697510.1056/nejmoa110827510.1056/NEJMoa1108275