biostudies-literatureJain SClinical Translational Science CenterCure, New York Community Trust, Cancer Research and Treatment FundNCATS NIH HHSNCRR NIH HHSBerman FundAnne Moore Breast Cancer Research Fund, Stephen and Madeline Anbinder Foundation, Rozaliya Kosmandel Research Fund1491-8https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3707432biostudies-literatureUnknown24(6)<h4>Background</h4>Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for metastatic progression. This study explores the effect of tetrathiomolybdate (TM), an anti-angiogenic copper chelator, on EPCs in patients at high risk for breast cancer recurrence.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>This phase 2 study enrolled breast cancer patients with stage 3 and stage 4 without evidence of disease (NED), and stage 2 if triple-negative. TM 100 mg orally was administered to maintain ceruloplasmin <17 mg/dl for 2 years or until relapse. The primary end point was change in EPCs.<h4>Results</h4>Forty patients (28 stage 2/3, 12 stage 4 NED) were enrolled. Seventy-five percent patients achieved the copper depletion target by 1 month. Ninety-one percent of triple-negative patients copper-deplAnnals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical OncologyTetrathiomolybdate-associated copper depletion decreases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in women with breast cancer at high risk of relapse.PMC3707432UL1 TR000457UL1-RR024996Kornhauser NJain SWarren JDCobham MVSchneider SVahdat LTChuang ELam CDonovan DCigler TZelkowitz RLane MEMathijsen Greenwood CMittal VRafii SMoore ACohen JWard MMHurtado Rua SMBenkert SfalseTetrathiomolybdate-associated copper depletion decreases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in women with breast cancer at high risk of relapse.<h4>Background</h4>Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for metastatic progression. This study explores the effect of tetrathiomolybdate (TM), an anti-angiogenic copper chelator, on EPCs in patients at high risk for breast cancer recurrence.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>This phase 2 study enrolled breast cancer patients with stage 3 and stage 4 without evidence of disease (NED), and stage 2 if triple-negative. TM 100 mg orally was administered to maintain ceruloplasmin <17 mg/dl for 2 years or until relapse. The primary end point was change in EPCs.<h4>Results</h4>Forty patients (28 stage 2/3, 12 stage 4 NED) were enrolled. Seventy-five percent patients achieved the copper depletion target by 1 month. Ninety-one percent of triple-negative patients copper-depl2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013 Jun2026-05-30T10:38:20.537Z2026-04-08T07:01:19.597ZS-EPMC37074322340673610.1093/annonc/mds654