biostudies-literatureJodar MNICHD NIH HHS604-24https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3796946biostudies-literatureUnknown19(6)BACKGROUND Spermatozoa are highly differentiated, transcriptionally inert cells characterized by a compact nucleus with minimal cytoplasm. Nevertheless they contain a suite of unique RNAs that are delivered to oocyte upon fertilization. They are likely integrated as part of many different processes including genome recognition, consolidation-confrontation, early embryonic development and epigenetic transgenerational inherence. Spermatozoal RNAs also provide a window into the developmental history of each sperm thereby providing biomarkers of fertility and pregnancy outcome which are being intensely studied. METHODS Literature searches were performed to review the majority of spermatozoal RNA studies that described potential functions and clinical applications with emphasis on Next-GeneratiHuman reproduction updateThe presence, role and clinical use of spermatozoal RNAs.PMC3796946U10 HD039005Reproductive Medicine NetworkSelvaraju SKrawetz SAJodar MSendler EDiamond MPfalseThe presence, role and clinical use of spermatozoal RNAs.BACKGROUND Spermatozoa are highly differentiated, transcriptionally inert cells characterized by a compact nucleus with minimal cytoplasm. Nevertheless they contain a suite of unique RNAs that are delivered to oocyte upon fertilization. They are likely integrated as part of many different processes including genome recognition, consolidation-confrontation, early embryonic development and epigenetic transgenerational inherence. Spermatozoal RNAs also provide a window into the developmental history of each sperm thereby providing biomarkers of fertility and pregnancy outcome which are being intensely studied. METHODS Literature searches were performed to review the majority of spermatozoal RNA studies that described potential functions and clinical applications with emphasis on Next-Generati2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013 Nov-Dec2026-04-30T03:33:38.127Z2026-04-07T15:46:54.236ZS-EPMC37969462385635610.1093/humupd/dmt031