biostudies-literatureUnknown3Kerry PSMedical Research CouncilThe influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is essential for the virus life cycle. The rise of resistance mutations against current antiviral therapies has increased the need for the development of novel inhibitors. Recent efforts have targeted a cavity adjacent to the catalytic site (the 150-cavity) in addition to the primary catalytic subsite in order to increase specificity and reduce the likelihood of resistance. This study details structural and in vitro analyses of a class of inhibitors that bind uniquely in both subsites. Crystal structures of three inhibitors show occupation of the 150-cavity in two distinct and novel binding modes. We believe these are the first nanomolar inhibitors of NA to be characterized in this way. Furthermore, we show that one inhibitor, binding within the catalScientific reports2871https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3797432biostudies-literatureStructural basis for a class of nanomolar influenza A neuraminidase inhibitors.PMC3797432Bance NNiikura MKerry PSMohan SRussell RJPinto BMfalseStructural basis for a class of nanomolar influenza A neuraminidase inhibitors.The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is essential for the virus life cycle. The rise of resistance mutations against current antiviral therapies has increased the need for the development of novel inhibitors. Recent efforts have targeted a cavity adjacent to the catalytic site (the 150-cavity) in addition to the primary catalytic subsite in order to increase specificity and reduce the likelihood of resistance. This study details structural and in vitro analyses of a class of inhibitors that bind uniquely in both subsites. Crystal structures of three inhibitors show occupation of the 150-cavity in two distinct and novel binding modes. We believe these are the first nanomolar inhibitors of NA to be characterized in this way. Furthermore, we show that one inhibitor, binding within the catal2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013 Oct2026-05-03T23:47:42.036Z2026-04-07T19:50:56.983ZS-EPMC37974322412960010.1038/srep02871