biostudies-literatureUnknown3Arguello JMCopper is an important micronutrient required as a redox co-factor in the catalytic centers of enzymes. However, free copper is a potential hazard because of its high chemical reactivity. Consequently, organisms exert a tight control on Cu(+) transport (entry-exit) and traffic through different compartments, ensuring the homeostasis required for cuproprotein synthesis and prevention of toxic effects. Recent studies based on biochemical, bioinformatics, and metalloproteomics approaches, reveal a highly regulated system of transcriptional regulators, soluble chaperones, membrane transporters, and target cuproproteins distributed in the various bacterial compartments. As a result, new questions have emerged regarding the diversity and apparent redundancies of these components, their irregularFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology73https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3817396biostudies-literatureMechanisms of copper homeostasis in bacteria.PMC3817396Padilla-Benavides TArguello JMRaimunda DfalseMechanisms of copper homeostasis in bacteria.Copper is an important micronutrient required as a redox co-factor in the catalytic centers of enzymes. However, free copper is a potential hazard because of its high chemical reactivity. Consequently, organisms exert a tight control on Cu(+) transport (entry-exit) and traffic through different compartments, ensuring the homeostasis required for cuproprotein synthesis and prevention of toxic effects. Recent studies based on biochemical, bioinformatics, and metalloproteomics approaches, reveal a highly regulated system of transcriptional regulators, soluble chaperones, membrane transporters, and target cuproproteins distributed in the various bacterial compartments. As a result, new questions have emerged regarding the diversity and apparent redundancies of these components, their irregular2013-01-01T00:00:00Z20132025-04-18T19:52:29.848Z2019-03-27T03:08:03ZS-EPMC38173962420549910.3389/fcimb.2013.00073