biostudies-literatureChaitanya GVNINDS NIH HHSNIGMS NIH HHS125https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC3854084biostudies-literatureUnknown10<h4>Background</h4>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with ectopic lymphoid follicle formation. Podoplanin+ (lymphatic marker) T helper17 (Th17) cells and B cell aggregates have been implicated in the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Since podoplanin expressed by Th17 cells in MS brains is also expressed by lymphatic endothelium, we investigated whether the pathophysiology of MS involves inductions of lymphatic proteins in the inflamed neurovasculature.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed the protein levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor and podoplanin, which are specific to the lymphatic system and prospero-homeobox protein-1, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-D, vascular endothelial growth fJournal of neuroinflammationInflammation induces neuro-lymphatic protein expression in multiple sclerosis brain neurovasculature.PMC3854084R21 NS059724P20 GM103433Sato FGuttman BWMinagar AChaitanya GVAlexander JSZivadinov RTsunoda IOmura SMartinez NERamanathan MfalseInflammation induces neuro-lymphatic protein expression in multiple sclerosis brain neurovasculature.<h4>Background</h4>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with ectopic lymphoid follicle formation. Podoplanin+ (lymphatic marker) T helper17 (Th17) cells and B cell aggregates have been implicated in the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Since podoplanin expressed by Th17 cells in MS brains is also expressed by lymphatic endothelium, we investigated whether the pathophysiology of MS involves inductions of lymphatic proteins in the inflamed neurovasculature.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed the protein levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor and podoplanin, which are specific to the lymphatic system and prospero-homeobox protein-1, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-D, vascular endothelial growth f2013-01-01T00:00:00Z2013 Oct2026-05-06T22:54:43.473Z2026-04-07T22:25:51.72ZS-EPMC38540842412490910.1186/1742-2094-10-125