biostudies-literatureUnknown11(5)Koivisto AJThis study considers fundamental methods in occupational risk assessment of exposure to airborne engineered nanomaterials. We discuss characterization of particle emissions, exposure assessment, hazard assessment with in vitro studies, and risk range characterization using calculated inhaled doses and dose-response translated to humans from in vitro studies. Here, the methods were utilized to assess workers' risk range of inhalation exposure to nanodiamonds (NDs) during handling and sieving of ND powder. NDs were agglomerated to over 500 nm particles, and mean exposure levels of different work tasks varied from 0.24 to 4.96 µg·m(-3) (0.08 to 0.74 cm(-3)). In vitro-experiments suggested that ND exposure may cause a risk for activation of inflammatory cascade. However, risk range characterizInternational journal of environmental research and public health5382-402https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4053885biostudies-literatureRange-finding risk assessment of inhalation exposure to nanodiamonds in a laboratory environment.PMC4053885Koponen IKAlenius HTHussein TYu MKanerva TSSiivola KMKoivisto AJViitanen AKPalomaki JESavolainen KMNorppa HHameri KJfalseRange-finding risk assessment of inhalation exposure to nanodiamonds in a laboratory environment.This study considers fundamental methods in occupational risk assessment of exposure to airborne engineered nanomaterials. We discuss characterization of particle emissions, exposure assessment, hazard assessment with in vitro studies, and risk range characterization using calculated inhaled doses and dose-response translated to humans from in vitro studies. Here, the methods were utilized to assess workers' risk range of inhalation exposure to nanodiamonds (NDs) during handling and sieving of ND powder. NDs were agglomerated to over 500 nm particles, and mean exposure levels of different work tasks varied from 0.24 to 4.96 µg·m(-3) (0.08 to 0.74 cm(-3)). In vitro-experiments suggested that ND exposure may cause a risk for activation of inflammatory cascade. However, risk range characteriz2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014 May2025-04-04T22:38:44.866Z2019-03-27T01:29:58ZS-EPMC40538852484035310.3390/ijerph110505382