biostudies-literatureJeremiah KNIAID NIH HHSWellcome Trust3468-74https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4068463biostudies-literatureUnknown58(6)Nutritional supplementation to tuberculosis (TB) patients has been associated with increased weight and reduced mortality, but its effect on the pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-TB drugs is unknown. A cohort of 100 TB patients (58 men; median age, 35 [interquartile range {IQR}, 29 to 40] years, and median body mass index [BMI], 18.8 [17.3 to 19.9] kg/m(2)) were randomized to receive nutritional supplementation during the intensive phase of TB treatment. Rifampin plasma concentrations were determined after 1 week and 2 months of treatment. The effects of nutritional supplementation, HIV, time on treatment, body weight, and SLCO1B1 rs4149032 genotype were examined using a population pharmacokinetic model. The model adjusted for body size via allometric scaling, accounted for clearance autAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapyNutritional supplementation increases rifampin exposure among tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV.PMC4068463UM1 AI10670184323UM1 AI068636Castel SChangalucha JHagen CMRange NWiesner LFaurholt-Jepsen DMcIlleron HChristiansen MPrayGod GJeremiah KDenti PChigutsa EFriis HAndersen ABfalseNutritional supplementation increases rifampin exposure among tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV.Nutritional supplementation to tuberculosis (TB) patients has been associated with increased weight and reduced mortality, but its effect on the pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-TB drugs is unknown. A cohort of 100 TB patients (58 men; median age, 35 [interquartile range {IQR}, 29 to 40] years, and median body mass index [BMI], 18.8 [17.3 to 19.9] kg/m(2)) were randomized to receive nutritional supplementation during the intensive phase of TB treatment. Rifampin plasma concentrations were determined after 1 week and 2 months of treatment. The effects of nutritional supplementation, HIV, time on treatment, body weight, and SLCO1B1 rs4149032 genotype were examined using a population pharmacokinetic model. The model adjusted for body size via allometric scaling, accounted for clearance aut2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014 Jun2025-04-18T12:01:16.56Z2019-03-27T01:30:45ZS-EPMC40684632470926710.1128/aac.02307-1310.1128/AAC.02307-13