biostudies-literatureBonne-Annee SNCRR NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSNCI NIH HHS502-11https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4076910biostudies-literatureUnknown16(6)Neutrophils are multifaceted cells that are often the immune system's first line of defense. Human and murine cells release extracellular DNA traps (ETs) in response to several pathogens and diseases. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is crucial to trapping and killing extracellular pathogens. Aside from neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils also release ETs. We hypothesized that ETs serve as a mechanism of ensnaring the large and highly motile helminth parasite Strongyloides stercoralis thereby providing a static target for the immune response. We demonstrated that S. stercoralis larvae trigger the release of ETs by human neutrophils and macrophages. Analysis of NETs revealed that NETs trapped but did not kill larvae. Induction of NETs was essential for larval killing by human but not murine neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. In mice, extracellular traps were induced following infection with S. stercoralis larvae and were present in the microenvironment of worms being killed in vivo. These findings demonstrate that NETs ensnare the parasite facilitating larval killing by cells of the immune system.Microbes and infectionExtracellular traps are associated with human and mouse neutrophil and macrophage mediated killing of larval Strongyloides stercoralis.PMC4076910R01 AI0506685 P30 CA-56036AI82548P30 CA056036R01 AI082548R01 AI022662AI078314AI076345AI22662P40 RR002512R01 AI078314RR02512R56 AI076345R56 AI073486AI50668Bonne-Annee SHess JANolan TJWesolowski JLok JBKerepesi LAPaumet FAbraham DfalseExtracellular traps are associated with human and mouse neutrophil and macrophage mediated killing of larval Strongyloides stercoralis.Neutrophils are multifaceted cells that are often the immune system's first line of defense. Human and murine cells release extracellular DNA traps (ETs) in response to several pathogens and diseases. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is crucial to trapping and killing extracellular pathogens. Aside from neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils also release ETs. We hypothesized that ETs serve as a mechanism of ensnaring the large and highly motile helminth parasite Strongyloides stercoralis thereby providing a static target for the immune response. We demonstrated that S. stercoralis larvae trigger the release of ETs by human neutrophils and macrophages. Analysis of NETs revealed that NETs trapped but did not kill larvae. Induction of NETs was essential for larval killing by human but not murine neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. In mice, extracellular traps were induced following infection with S. stercoralis larvae and were present in the microenvironment of worms being killed in vivo. These findings demonstrate that NETs ensnare the parasite facilitating larval killing by cells of the immune system.2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014 Jun2024-11-11T21:49:33.084Z2019-03-27T01:31:07ZS-EPMC40769102464200310.1016/j.micinf.2014.02.012