biostudies-literature00420Liu ZNatural Environment Research CouncilE3501-5https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC4151775biostudies-literatureUnknown111(34)A recent temperature reconstruction of global annual temperature shows Early Holocene warmth followed by a cooling trend through the Middle to Late Holocene [Marcott SA, et al., 2013, Science 339(6124):1198-1201]. This global cooling is puzzling because it is opposite from the expected and simulated global warming trend due to the retreating ice sheets and rising atmospheric greenhouse gases. Our critical reexamination of this contradiction between the reconstructed cooling and the simulated warming points to potentially significant biases in both the seasonality of the proxy reconstruction and the climate sensitivity of current climate models.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaThe Holocene temperature conundrum.PMC4151775ncas10009Timmermann AElison Timm OLiu ZRosenthal YZhu JSmith RSLohmann GZhang XOtto-Bliesner BLZheng W42falseThe Holocene temperature conundrum.A recent temperature reconstruction of global annual temperature shows Early Holocene warmth followed by a cooling trend through the Middle to Late Holocene [Marcott SA, et al., 2013, Science 339(6124):1198-1201]. This global cooling is puzzling because it is opposite from the expected and simulated global warming trend due to the retreating ice sheets and rising atmospheric greenhouse gases. Our critical reexamination of this contradiction between the reconstructed cooling and the simulated warming points to potentially significant biases in both the seasonality of the proxy reconstruction and the climate sensitivity of current climate models.2014-01-01T00:00:00Z2014 Aug2021-03-17T08:36:19Z2019-03-27T01:35:02ZS-EPMC41517752511425310.1073/pnas.1407229111